Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942012000600004
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Uso da máscara laríngea descartável em adenotonsilectomias

The use of disposable laryngeal mask airway for adenotonsillectomies

Dante Ranieri Junior; Adecir Geraldo Neubauer; Denise Marchi Ranieri; Paulo do Nascimento Junior

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942012000600004 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.62, n6, p.793-798, 2012
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A intubação traqueal associada a operações das vias aéreas faz com que complicações como laringoespasmo, broncoespasmo e períodos de redução da saturação de oxigênio sejam frequentemente relatados em adenotonsilectomias, procedimento que, por sua natureza, eleva a incidência de tais complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a ocorrência de problemas respiratórios comparando-se o uso da máscara laríngea (ML) descartável com a intubação orotraqueal em adenotonsilectomias. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 204 pacientes pediátricos submetidos a anestesia geral para adenotonsilectomias e alocados em dois grupos, aleatoriamente: grupo Cânula Traqueal (CT, n = 100) e grupo Máscara Laríngea (ML, n = 104). Foram observados os níveis de saturação de pulso de oxigênio (SpO2) após a indução anestésica (SpO2-1), após o estabelecimento de campo operatório (SpO2-2), ao término do procedimento cirúrgico (SpO2-3), três minutos após a retirada do dispositivo respiratório (SpO2-4) e na admissão da sala de recuperação anestésica (SpO2-5). As complicações respiratórias foram relatadas. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios e os desvios padrão de SpO2 nos grupos CT e ML foram, respectivamente: SpO2-1: 98,9 ± 1,0 e 98,7 ± 0,8 (p > 0,25); SpO2-2: 97,4 ± 1,0 e 94,9 ± 4,3 (p < 0,001); SpO2-3: 96,9 ± 1,1 e 97,2 ± 1,1 (p = 0,037); SpO2-4: 91,7 ± 9,0 e 95,2 ± 2,2 (p < 0,001); SpO2-5: 94,0 ± 2,1 e 95,8 ± 2,6 (p < 0,001). No grupo ML, em 12 pacientes, foi necessária alguma manobra para ajuste do dispositivo e correção de vazamento durante o ato operatório. A ML foi substituída pela CT em quatro pacientes. As complicações respiratórias foram similares entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Adenotonsilectomias em pacientes pediátricos com o emprego da ML, em comparação com a CT, resulta em menores valores de SpO2 intraoperatórios e, eventualmente, necessidade de substituição da ML pela CT. Apesar de a ML viabilizar a cirurgia, pela segurança, o uso da CT é preferível.

Palavras-chave

CIRURGIA, Otorrinolaringológica, COMPLICAÇÕES, Intubação traqueal, Laringoespasmo, Broncoespasmo, Aspiração pulmonar, EQUIPAMENTOS, Tubo Traqueal, Máscara Laríngea

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tracheal intubation associated with airway operations can cause complications such as laryngospasm, bronchospasm and periods of reduced oxygen saturation. Such complications are frequently reported during adenotonsillectomies, a procedure that by nature increases the incidence of airway complications. The objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of respiratory problems during adenotonsillectomies while using either a disposable laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or an endotracheal tube (TT). METHODS: We evaluated 204 pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for adenotonsillectomies. The patients were randomly allocated into either the tracheal intubation group (TT, n = 100) or the laryngeal mask airway group (LMA, n = 104). It was measured the level of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) after the induction of anesthesia (SpO2-1), after establishing the operative field (SpO2-2), at the end of the surgical procedure (SpO2-3), three minutes after the removal of the contained breathing apparatus (SpO2-4) and upon admission to the post-anesthesia care unit (SpO2-5). All respiratory complications were recorded. RESULTS: The mean SpO2 values and standard deviations for the TT and LMA groups were as follows: SpO2-1: 98.9 ± 1.0 and 98.7 ± 0.8 (p > 0.25), SpO2-2: 97.4 ± 1.0 and 94.9 ± 4.3 (p < 0.001), SpO2-3: 96.9 ± 1.1 and 97.2 ± 1.1 (p = 0.037), SpO2-4: 91.7 ± 9.0 and 95.2 ± 2.2 (p < 0.001) and SpO2-5: 94.0 ± 2.1 and 95.8 ± 2.6 (p < 0.001), respectively. In the LMA group, 12 patients required some maneuvering to fix positioning and leaks during surgery. In four patients, the LMA had to be replaced with a TT. Respiratory complications were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Performing adenotonsillectomies in pediatric patients using a LMA resulted in a lower intraoperative SpO2, compared to using a TT. In some cases, the LMA had to be replaced with an endotracheal tube. Although the surgery may be performed with LMA, the use of a TT is preferred for safety.

Keywords

Bronchial spasm, Intubation, Intratracheal, Laryngeal Masks, Laryngismus, Otolaryngology, Respiratory Aspiration

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