Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942013000300003
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Influência dos Hipnóticos no bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo cisatracúrio: emprego da aceleromiografia

Influence of hypnotics on cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular block: use of acceleromyograhpy

Angélica de Fátima de Assunção Braga; Franklin Sarmento da Silva Braga; Glória Maria Braga Potério; José Aristeu Fachini Frias; Fernanda Maria Silva Pedro; Derli Conceição Munhoz

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942013000300003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.63, n3, p.249-253, 2013
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os efeitos farmacodinâmicos dos bloqueadores neuromusculares (BNM) podem ser influenciados por diferentes drogas, entre elas os hipnóticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do propofol e do etomidato sobre o bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo cisatracúrio. MÉTODO: Foram incluídos 60 pacientes, ASA I e II, submetidos a cirurgias eletivas sob anestesia geral, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com o hipnótico empregado: GI (propofol) e GII (etomidato). As pacientes receberam midazolam (0,1 mg.kg-1) por via muscular como medicação pré-anestésica, a indução foi com propofol (2,5 mg.kg-1) ou etomidato (0,3 mg.kg-1) precedido de fentanil (250 µg) e seguido de cisatracúrio (0,1 mg.kg-1). Os pacientes foram ventilados com oxigênio a 100% até a obtenção de redução de 95% ou mais na amplitude da resposta do adutor do polegar, quando foi feita a laringoscopia e a intubação traqueal. A função neuromuscular foi monitorizada com aceleromiografia. Avaliaram-se o início de ação do cisatracúrio, as condições de intubação traqueal e as repercussões hemodinâmicas. RESULTADOS: Os tempos médios e os desvios padrão para o início de ação do cisatracúrio foram: GI (86,6 ± 14,3") e GII (116,9 ± 11,6"), com diferença significativa (p < 0,0001). As condições de intubação traqueal foram aceitáveis em 100% dos pacientes do GI e em 53,3% no GII (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: A instalação do bloqueio neuromuscular com o cisatracúrio foi mais rápida e as condições de intubação traqueal foram melhores nos pacientes que receberam propofol em relação ao grupo que recebeu etomidato, sem repercussões hemodinâmicas.

Palavras-chave

HIPNÓTICOS, Propofol, etomidato, BLOQUEADOR MUSCULAR, Cisatracúrio, TÉCNICAS DE MEDIÇÃO, Aceleromiografia

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Different drugs, including hypnotics, may influence the pharmacodynamic effects of neuromuscular blockers (NMB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of propofol and etomidate on cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade. METHOD: We included 60 patients, ASA I and II, undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia in the study and randomly allocated them into two groups, according to their hypnotic drug: GI (propofol) and GII (etomidate). Patients received intramuscular (IM) midazolam (0.1 mg.kg-1) as premedication and we performed induction with propofol (2.5 mg.kg-1) or etomidate (0.3 mg.kg-1), preceded by fentanyl (250 mg) and followed by cisatracurium (0.1 mg.kg-1). The patients were ventilated with 100% oxygen until obtaining a reduction of 95% or more in the adductor pollicis response amplitude, with subsequent laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Neuromuscular function was monitored by acceleromyograhpy. We evaluated the onset of action of cisatracurium, tracheal intubation conditions, and hemodynamic repercussions. RESULTS: The mean time and standard deviations of cisatracurium onset were: GI (86.6 ± 14.3 s) and GII (116.9 ± 11.6 s), with a significant difference (p < 0, 0001). Intubation conditions were acceptable in 100% of GI and 53.3% of GII patients (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Induction of neuromuscular blockade with cisatracurium was faster, with better intubation conditions in patients receiving propofol compared to those receiving etomidate, without hemodynamic repercussions.

Keywords

Hypnotics and Sedatives, Propofol, Etomidate, Neuromuscular blockade, Monitoring, Physiologic

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