Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942013000300001
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Efeitos de esmolol, lidocaína e fentanil nos intervalos dispersão da onda P, QT, QTc e respostas hemodinâmicas à intubação endotraqueal durante indução com propofol: um estudo comparativo

Effects of esmolol, lidocaine and fentanyl on P wave dispersion, QT, QTc intervals and hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation during propofol induction: a comparative study

Volkan Hancı; ; Serhan Yurtlu; Turgut Karabağ; ; Dilek Okyay; Sedat Hakimoğ; lu; Gülay Kayhan; Çağ; atay Büyükuysal; Hilal Ayoğ; lu; Iş; ı; l Özkoçak Turan

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942013000300001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.63, n3, p.235-244, 2013
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Investigar o efeito de esmolol, lidocaína e fentanil na dispersão da onda P (DP), durações dos intervalos QT e QT corrigido (QTc) e as respostas hemodinâmicas à intubação endotraqueal durante a indução com propofol. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 80 pacientes adultos, estado físico ASA I ou II, idade entre 18 e 60 anos, neste estudo prospectivo, randômico e duplo-cego. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame eletrocardiográfico (ECG) antes da indução da anestesia. Os pacientes foram randomicamente alocados em quatro grupos iguais. O grupo controle (Grupo C) recebeu 5 mL de solução salina; o grupo esmolol (Grupo E) recebeu 0,5 mg.kg-1 de esmolol; o grupo fentanil (Grupo F) recebeu 2 µg.kg-1 de fentanil e o grupo lidocaína (Grupo L) recebeu 1,5 mg.kg-1 de lidocaína antes da indução anestésica. A anestesia foi induzida com propofol. ECG foi feito em todos os pacientes durante o primeiro e o terceiro minutos de indução, 3 minutos após a administração de relaxante muscular e 5 e 10 minutos após intubação. A DP e intervalos QT foram medidos em todos os ECGs. Os intervalos QTc foram determinados com o uso da fórmula de Bazett. Frequência cardíaca (FC) e pressão arterial média (PAM) foram registradas antes e depois da indução anestésica, imediatamente após a intubação e em 1, 3, 5, 7 e 10 minutos após a intubação. RESULTADOS: Após a intubação, a FC aumentou significativamente nos Grupos C, L e F em comparação com o grupo controle. Porém, não houve diferença significativa nos valores da FC após a intubação entre os grupos E e controle. Nos Grupos C e L, a PAM aumentou significativamente após a intubação em comparação com o grupo controle. No entanto, nos Grupos L, F e E não houve diferença significativa entre os valores da PAM após a intubação em comparação com o grupo controle. A DP foi significativamente mais longa no Grupo C após a intubação em comparação com o grupo controle. Porém, nos grupos L, F e E não houve diferença significativa entre os valores de DP após a intubação em comparação com o grupo controle. A duração do intervalo QTc foi significativamente maior nos grupos C e L após a intubação em comparação com o grupo controle. Porém, não houve diferença significativa na duração do QTc nos grupos F e E após a intubação em comparação com o grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que a administração de esmolol antes da intubação previne a taquicardia, o aumento da PAM e as durações da onda P e intervalo QTc causados pela laringoscopia e intubação traqueal.

Palavras-chave

ELETROCARDIOGRAFIA, INTUBAÇÃO TRAQUEAL, ANESTESIA, Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta, ANESTÉSICOS, Local, lidocaína, HIPNOANALGÉSICOS, Fentanil, HIPNÓTICOS, Propofol

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In our study we aimed to investigate the effect of esmolol, lidocaine and fentanyl on P-wave dispersion (Pwd), QT and corrected QT (QTc) durations and hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation during propofol induction. METHODS: A total of eighty adult patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status I or II aged 18 to 60 years were included in this prospective, randomised, double-blind study. All patients had control electrocardiograms (ECGs) done before anesthesia induction. The patients were randomised into four equal groups. The control group (Group C) received saline 5 mL, the esmolol group (Group E) received esmolol 0.5 mg.kg-1, the fentanyl group (Group F) received fentanyl 2 µg.kg-1 and the lidocaine group (Group L) received lidocaine 1.5 mg.kg-1 before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol. ECGs for all patients were performed during the 1st and 3rd minutes of induction, 3 minutes after administration of muscle relaxant, and at 5 minutes and 10 minutes after intubation. Pwd and QT intervals were measured on all ECGs. QTc intervals were determined using the Bazett formula. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded before and after induction of anesthesia, immediately after intubation, and 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 minutes after intubation. RESULTS: Compared with control, HR significantly increased in Group C, Group L and Group F after intubation. However, in Group E, there was no significant difference in HR values between control and after intubation. Compared with control, MAP significantly increased in Group C and Group L after the intubation. However, in Group E and Group F, there was no significant difference in MAP values between control and after the intubation. Compared with control, Pwd significantly increased in Group C after intubation. In Group L, Group F and Group E, there was no significant difference in Pwd values between control and after the intubation. Compared with control, QTc duration significantly increased in Group C and L after the intubation. In Group F and Group E, there was no significant difference in QTc durations between control and after the intubation. CONCLUSION: We concluded that administration of esmolol before intubation prevents tachycardia and an increase in MAP, Pwd and QTc duration caused by laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

Keywords

Electrocardiography, Intubation, Intratracheal, Anesthesia, Propanolamines, Lidocaine, Fentanyl, Propofol

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