Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942012000400006
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Análise do conhecimento de intensivistas sobre a síndrome do compartimento abdominal

Assessment of intensivists' knowledge on abdominal compartment syndrome

João Paulo Lopes da Silva; Flávio Teles

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O reconhecimento precoce da síndrome de compartimento abdominal (SCA) é essencial, pois o atraso no diagnóstico pode provocar um impacto negativo no prognóstico. No entanto, existem algumas evidências que sugerem um baixo nível de conhecimento sobre a SCA em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI). O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o conhecimento do intensivista sobre a SCA. MÉTODO: Quarenta e nove questionários com 13 questões de múltipla escolha foram distribuídos em sete UTIs. As questões abordavam o conceito, o diagnóstico e o manejo da SCA. RESULTADOS: Trinta e dois questionários foram respondidos. Quarenta e sete por cento dos que responderam tinham mais de 16 anos de prática médica e passavam mais de 50% de seu tempo na UTI. Embora 75% tenham respondido que conheciam o conceito da SCA, apenas 34% mediam a pressão intra-abdominal (PIA). O método mais utilizado para as medições foi cateter urinário (91%). Para 37% dos respondentes, a frequência de medição deve ser baseada em dados clínicos e não nos valores da PIA. Quanto à indicação para o monitoramento da PIA, 25% escolheram medir após laparotomia de urgência, 18% na reposição volêmica maciça e 57% em outras condições de risco. A falta de informações sobre técnicas de medição foi a principal razão para não medir a PIA. A maioria (90%) sugeriu a medição da PIA como rotina na UTI. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento do intensivista sobre a SCA foi baixo, pois a maioria não foi capaz de medir, interpretar os resultados e reconhecer os fatores de risco importantes para PIA. Esses dados confirmam a necessidade de esforços educacionais sobre a SCA para padronizar a mensuração da PIA em população de risco, visando um melhor resultado em pacientes críticos.

Palavras-chave

Hipertensão Intra-abdominal, Questionários, TÉCNICAS DE MEDIÇÃO, Pressão Intra-abdominal

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Early recognition of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is essential, as delay in the diagnosis may induce a negative impact on prognosis. However, there are some evidences suggesting a low level of knowledge concerning ACS in intensive care units (ICU). The aim of this study was to evaluate the intensivist´s knowledge on ACS. METHODS: We distributed 49 questionnaires, with 13 multiple choice questions, in seven ICU, which addressed the concept, diagnosis, and management of ACS. RESULTS: Thirty-two questionnaires were answered. Forty-seven percent of respondents have more than 16 years of medical practice and spend more than 50% of their time in ICU. Although 75% reported having knowledge of ACS' concept, only 34% had measured intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). The most used method for measurements was urinary catheterization (91%). For 37%, the frequency of measurement should be based on clinical data rather than IAP values. Regarding the indication to IAP monitoring, the choices were performing the measurement after urgent laparotomy (25%), in massive volemic replacement (18%) and in other hazardous conditions (57%). The lack of information about measurement techniques was the main reason for not measuring IAP. Most respondents (90%) suggested the measurement of IAP as a routine in ICU. CONCLUSION: Intensivists' knowledge on ACS was low, as most were not able to measure, interpret the results and recognize important risk factors for IAP. These data demonstrate that educational efforts concerning ACS are necessary in order to standardize the measurement of IAP in populations at risk, aiming at a better outcome in critically ill patients.

Keywords

Intra-Abdominal Hypertension, Compartment Syndrome, Questionnaires

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