Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942012000400001
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Delirium pós-operatório em pacientes críticos: fatores de risco e resultados

risk factors and outcome

Dalila Veiga; Clara Luis; Daniela Parente; Vera Fernandes; Miguela Botelho; Patricia Santos; Fernando Abelha

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942012000400001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.62, n4, p.476-483, 2012
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O delirium pós-operatório (DPO) em pacientes cirúrgicos em terapia intensiva é um resultado independente importante e determinante. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi avaliar a incidência e os determinantes do DPO. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de coorte realizado durante um período de 10 meses em uma unidade de recuperação pós-anestesia (URPA) com cinco leitos especializados em terapia intensiva. Todos os consecutivos pacientes adultos submetidos à cirurgia de grande porte foram incluídos. Os dados demográficos, as variáveis perioperatórias, o tempo de internação (TI) e a mortalidade na URPA, no hospital e nos 6 meses de acompanhamento foram registrados. Delirium pós-operatório foi avaliado utilizando o Checklist para triagem de delirium em terapia intensiva (Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist - ICDSC). Análises descritivas foram realizadas e o teste de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher foram usados para comparações. Análise de regressão logística avaliou os fatores determinantes do DPO com o cálculo da razão de chances (RC) e seu intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). RESULTADOS: Houve admissão de 775 pacientes adultos na URPA e 95 pacientes não atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Dos 680 pacientes restantes, 128 (18,8%) desenvolveram DPO. Os determinantes independentes de DPO identificados foram a idade, ASA-PS, cirurgia de emergência e a quantidade total de plasma fresco congelado (PFC) administrada durante a cirurgia. Os pacientes com delirium tiveram taxas mais elevadas de mortalidade, estavam mais gravemente doente e permaneceram mais tempo na URPA e no hospital. DPO foi um fator de risco independente para mortalidade hospitalar. DISCUSSÃO: A incidência de delirium foi elevada nos pacientes cirúrgicos em terapia intensiva. DPO foi associado a uma pior pontuação de gravidade da doença, tempo de permanencia mais longo no hospital e na URPA e a taxas mais elevadas de mortalidade. Os fatores de risco independentes para DPO foram a idade, ASA-PS, cirurgia de emergência e quantidade de plasma administrado durante a cirurgia.

Palavras-chave

COMPLICAÇÕES, Pós-operatória, RECUPERAÇÃO PÓS-ANESTÉSICA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postoperative delirium (POD) in Surgical Intensive Care patients is an important independent outcome determinant. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the incidence and determinants of POD. METHODS: Prospective cohort study conducted during a period of 10 months in a Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) with five intensive care beds. All consecutive adult patients submitted to major surgery were enrolled. Demographic data, perioperative variables, length of stay (LOS) and the mortality at PACU, hospital and at 6-months follow-up were recorded. Postoperative delirium was evaluated using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). Descriptive analyses were conducted and the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used for comparisons. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the determinants of POD with calculation of odds ratio (OR) and its confidence interval 95% (95% CI). RESULTS: There were 775 adult PACU admissions and 95 patients had exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 680 patients, 128 (18.8%) developed POD. Independent determinants of POD identified were age, ASA-PS, emergency surgery and total amount of fresh frozen plasma administered during surgery. Patients with delirium had higher mortality rates, were more severely ill and stayed longer at the PACU and in the hospital. POD was an independent risk factor for hospital mortality DISCUSSION: There was a high incidence of delirium had a high incidence in intensive care surgical patients. POD was associated with worse severity of disease scores, longer LOS in hospital, and in PACU and higher mortality rates. The independent risk factors for POD were age, ASA-PS, emergency surgery and the amount of plasma administered during surgery.

Keywords

Anesthesia Recovery Period, Delirium, Postoperative Complications, Risk factors

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