Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942012000100005
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

Efeito perioperatório do índice de massa corporal elevado no bloqueio do nervo periférico: uma análise de 528 bloqueios interescalênicos guiados por ultrassom

The perioperative effect of Increased body mass index on peripheral nerve blockade: an analysis of 528 ultrasound guided interscalene blocks

Kristopher Schroeder; Adin-Cristian Andrei; Meghan J Furlong; Melanie J Donnelly; Han Seungbong; Aimee M Becker

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942012000100005 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.62, n1, p.33-38, 2012
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os pacientes obesos podem representar um desafio anestésico perioperatório único, tornando as técnicas anestésicas regionais um meio desafiador de oferecer analgesia para esta população. A orientação por ultrassom foi recentemente elogiada como sendo benéfica para esta população na qual os limites anatômicos de superfície podem ser obscurecidos. Neste estudo, é investigado o efeito do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) elevado no bloqueio interescalênico do nervo periférico guiado por ultrassom. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Este estudo é uma análise retrospectiva de 528 pacientes consecutivos que receberam bloqueios nervosos interescalênicos pré-operatórios guiados por ultrassom no Hospital e Clínica da University of Wisconsin. Examinamos a associação entre IMC e os parâmetros: tempo exigido para localização do bloqueio; presença de náuseas e vômitos pós-operatórios (NVPO); pontuações de dor pós-operatória na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA); volume de anestésico local injetado; complicações agudas; e administração de opioides antes, durante e depois da cirurgia. Foram utilizadas regressões univariada e multivariada com estimativa dos mínimos quadrados e logística. RESULTADOS: Um IMC elevado foi associado a maiores: tempo exigido para localização do bloqueio (p = 0,025), administração de fentanil durante a cirurgia (p < 0,001), pico de pontuações de dor em SRPA (p < 0,001), administração de opioide na SRPA (p < 0,001), administração oral de opioide na SRPA (p < 0,001), administração total de opioide na SRPA (p < 0,001) e incidência de náusea em SRPA (p = 0,025). CONCLUSÕES: Os bloqueios nervosos interescalênicos guiados por ultrassom para analgesia perioperatória podem ser executados de forma segura e efetiva em pacientes obesos, mas o procedimento pode ser mais difícil e a analgesia talvez não seja completa

Palavras-chave

EQUIPAMENTOS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS DE MEDIÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Obese patients can pose a unique perioperative anesthetic challenge, making regional anesthetic techniques an intriguing means of providing analgesia for this population. Ultrasound guidance has been touted recently as being beneficial for this population in which surface landmarks can become obscured. In this study, the effect of increased Body Mass Index (BMI) on ultrasound guided interscalene peripheral nerve blockade is investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of 528 consecutive patients who received preoperative ultrasound-guided interscalene nerve blocks at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics. We examined the association between BMI and the following parameters: time required for block placement; presence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV); postoperative Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) pain scores; volume of local anesthetic injected; acute complications; and opioid administration preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate least squares and logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: An elevated BMI was associated with an increased: time required for block placement (p-value = 0.025), intraoperative fentanyl administration (p-value < 0.001), peak PACU pain scores (p-value < 0.001), PACU opioid administration (p-value < 0.001), PACU oral opioid administration (p-value < 0.001), total PACU opioid administration (p-value < 0.001) and incidence of PACU nausea (p-value = 0.025) CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound guided interscalene nerve blocks for perioperative analgesia can be safely and effectively performed in the obese patient but they may be more difficult to perform and analgesia may not be as complete

Keywords

Nerve Block, Body Mass Index, Ultrasonography

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