Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942012000100003
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Controle da dor por bloqueio peridural e incidência de disritmias cardíacas no pós-operatório de procedimentos cirúrgicos torácicos e abdominais altos: estudo comparativo

Control of pain trough epidural block and incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias in postoperative period of thoracic and major abdominal surgical procedures: a comparative study

Rohnelt Machado de Oliveira; Sérgio Bernardo Tenório; Pedro Paulo Tanaka; Dalton Precoma

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942012000100003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.62, n1, p.14-18, 2012
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Operações no abdome superior e tórax provocam intensa dor. Entre as principais complicações da dor pós-operatória estão as complicações cardiocirculatórias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a hipótese de que a analgesia pós-operatória com o emprego de anestésicos locais mais opioides espinhais pode reduzir a incidência de complicações cardiovasculares no pós-operatório de pacientes nessas condições, comparando-se a métodos clássicos de analgesia pós-operatória, opioides e AINES, administrados segundo demanda do paciente. MÉTODO: Oitenta pacientes adultos ASA I e II, sem alterações ECG, alocados em dois grupos de 40: Grupo A, sob anestesia geral com propofol, cisatracúrio e isoflurano, associado à anestesia peridural, com cateter e controle da analgesia pós-operatória com bupivacaína e morfina peridural; e Grupo B, sob anestesia geral com as mesmas drogas e doses que o Grupo A, mais analgesia pós-operatória realizada com AINES e morfina endovenosa no final da operação e em intervalos regulares. Em ambos foi aplicado Holter por 24 horas. A avaliação da dor foi realizada pela escala analógica visual. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação da dor observou-se no Grupo A evidente predomínio do escore 0 (p < 0,001) e também houve redução dos níveis de pressão arterial no pós-operatório de forma mais acentuada. As disritmias ventriculares e supraventriculares foram cinco vezes mais frequentes no Grupo B (p = 0,00001), em que também detectou-se tendência a maior frequência de extrassístoles ventriculares em idade > 50 anos (22,2% versus 0,0%. p = 0,26). Não se observou diferença significativa da frequência cardíaca entre os grupos (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A melhor qualidade da analgesia no pós-operatório, realizada nos pacientes do Grupo A, reduziu a incidência de complicações cardiovasculares

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, COMPLICAÇÕES, DOR, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Upper abdomen and thorax surgeries cause intense pain. Some of postoperative pain main complications are cardiocirculatory complications. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that postoperative analgesia with employment of local anesthetics plus spinal opioids may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular complications in postoperative period of patients in these conditions, comparing with classical methods of postoperative analgesia, opioids and NSAIDs, administered upon patient's demand. METHOD: Eighty adult patients, ASA I and II, without ECG alterations, were allocated into two groups of 40: Group A, patients under general anesthesia with propofol, cisatracurium and isoflurane, associated with epidural anesthesia with catheter and control of postoperative analgesia with bupivacaine and epidural morphine; and Group B, patients under general anesthesia with the same drugs and doses of A, plus postoperative analgesia carried out with NSAIDs and intravenous morphine at the end of surgery and in regular intervals. In both groups Holter was applied for 24 hours. Pain evaluation was carried out through visual analog scale. RESULTS: In pain evaluation, an evident predominance of 0 score (p < 0.001) was observed in Group A and there was also reduction of blood pressure levels in postoperative period in a more accentuated way. Ventricular and supraventricular dysrhythmias were five times more frequent in Group B (p = 0.00001), in which a tendency to a higher frequency of ventricular extrasystoles in age > 50 years (22.2% versus 0.0%. p = 0.26) was also detected. No significative difference of heart rate among groups (p > 0.05) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The best quality of analgesia in postoperative period, carried out in Group A, reduced the incidence of cardiovascular complications

Keywords

Anesthesia, Pain, Analgesia, Arrhythmias

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