Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942011000600006
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Avaliação do uso de microesferas de bupivacaína em excesso enantiomérico de 50% após bloqueio do nervo ciático de ratos

Assessing the use of 50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine-loaded microspheres after sciatic nerve block in rats

Rohnelt Machado de Oliveira; Pedro Paulo Tanaka; Sergio Bernardo Tenorio

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942011000600006 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.61, n6, p.741-747, 2011
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Alcançar melhores benefícios terapêuticos dos anestésicos locais no controle da dor pós-operatória, através de carreadores de liberação controlada. Este estudo teve por objetivo a comparação das características dos bloqueios sensitivo e motor entre microesferas sem anestésico local; microesferas com bupivacaína racêmica encapsulada; microesferas com bupivacaína em excesso enantiomérico 50% e bupivacaína em excesso enantiomérico 50% sem as microesferas. MÉTODO: Ratos (Wistar), alocados em quatro grupos: A (Microesfera); B (Microesfera de bupivacaína S50-R50); C (Microesfera de Bupivacaína em excesso enantiomérico de 50%); D (Bupivacaína em excesso enantiomérico de 50%). A anestesia inalatória, realizada previamente ao bloqueio do nervo ciático (halotano a 2% e O2 a 100%). O bloqueio sensorial foi medido pelo tempo exigido para cada rato retirar a pata de uma placa quente a 56ºC (positivo > 4 s). O bloqueio motor foi medido pelo tempo entre a injeção do medicamento até a recuperação do escore 2 de critério estabelecido. RESULTADOS: Nos grupos B, C e D a resposta sensitiva foi significativamente mais frequente do que no Grupo A (p < 0,001). Entre os Grupos B, C e D não se observam diferenças estatisticamente significativas de resposta positiva ao teste sensitivo (p > 0,05). Nos Grupos B, C e D, a resposta ao teste motor também foi significativamente mais frequente do que no grupo A (p = 0,02). Nos Grupos B e D, observou-se tendência de maior positividade ao teste motor que no Grupo C (p = 0,10). CONCLUSÕES: A liberação controlada de microesfera de bupivacaína em excesso enantiomérico de 50% apresentou resultado semelhante em relação à analgesia quando comparado às outras formulações anestésicas e menor bloqueio motor.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS, Rato, DOR

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To achieve better therapeutic benefits of local anesthetics in the control of postoperative pain through controlled-release carrier. The objective of this study was to compare the characteristics of sensory and motor blockade between microspheres without local anesthetic: racemic bupivacaine-loaded microspheres; 50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine-loaded microspheres; and free 50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine. METHODS: Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: A (Microsphere); B (S50-R50 bupivacaine-loaded microsphere); C (50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine-loaded microsphere); and D (50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine). Inhalation anesthesia was performed before the sciatic nerve block (2% halothane and 100% O2). Sensorial blockade was measured by the time required for each rat to withdraw its paw from a hot plate at 56ºC (positive > 4 sec). Motor blockade was measured by the time between drug injection until recovery of a motor score of 2 on the established criterion. RESULTS: The sensory response was significantly more frequent in groups B, C, and D than in group A (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the response to the sensory test in groups B, C, and D (p > 0.05). The response to the motor test was also significantly more frequent in groups B, C, and D than in group A (p = 0.02). A tendency to greater positivity in the motor test was more frequently found in groups B and D than in group C (p = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: Controlled-release of 50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine-loaded microspheres showed similar results regarding analgesia and less motor blockade when compared to other anesthetic formulations.

Keywords

Pain, Microspheres, Bupivacaine, Rats

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