Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942011000300009
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

O ecocardiograma transesofágico na cirurgia de Ross

Transesophageal echocardiography in Ross procedure

Marcello Fonseca Salgado Filho; Arthur Siciliano; Luiz Antônio Diego; Leonardo Augusto Miana; Júlia Salgado

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942011000300009 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.61, n3, p.347-350, 2011
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Uma das cirurgias corretivas para a insuficiência aórtica congênita grave é a cirurgia de Ross. O ecocardiograma transesofágico intraoperatório é indispensável para uma boa avaliação cirúrgica. Além disso, é capaz de avaliar o perfil volêmico e a necessidade de se administrar drogas vasoativas ao longo da cirurgia. RELATO DO CASO: Adolescente de 15 anos apresentava insuficiência aórtica grave de origem congênita, programando-se correção cirúrgica pela técnica de Ross. No centro cirúrgico, o paciente foi monitorado com eletrocardiograma e oxímetro de pulso, recebendo pré-medicação com midazolam. Após a pré-medicação, puncionaram-se a artéria radial esquerda e a veia subclávia direita. A indução anestésica foi feita com etomidato, cisatracúrio e fentanil, e a manutenção anestésica com sevoflurano. A sonda do aparelho do ecocardiograma transesofágico foi introduzida imediatamente após a intubação traqueal e mostrava aumento do ventrículo esquerdo; insuficiência aórtica grave por falha de coaptação dos três folhetos; válvula pulmonar competente sem alterações anatômicas e fisiológicas. A cirurgia transcorreu sem intercorrências, com 120 minutos de circulação extracorpórea (CEC) e 8 horas de cirurgia. Imediatamente após a saída de CEC, o ecocardiograma transesofágico mostrava bom funcionamento tanto do auto como do homoenxerto, porém o ventrículo direito encontrava-se hipocontrátil, o que foi corrigido com bolus de milrinona, seguido de infusão contínua. O paciente foi encaminhado ao pós-operatório intubado, estável hemodinamicamente, com infusão de milrinona e nitroprussiato de sódio. CONCLUSÕES: Uma das técnicas de correção da insuficiência aórtica congênita é a cirurgia de Ross, em que o ecocardiograma transesofágico intraoperatório orienta o cirurgião de maneira precisa sobre o status fisiológico e anatômico dos enxertos vasculares.

Palavras-chave

CIRURGIA, Cardíaca, DOENÇA, Congênita, MONITORAÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ross procedure is one of the surgical procedures for correction of severe congenital aortic insufficiency. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography is essential for optimal surgical evaluation. Furthermore, it is able to assess the blood volume profile and the need for administration of vasoactive drugs during surgery. CASE REPORT: This is a 15-year old teenager with severe congenital aortic insufficiency scheduled for corrective surgery with the Ross procedure. In the operating room, the patient was monitored with electrocardiography and pulse oximeter, and he was premedicated with midazolam. After the administration of premedication, the left radial artery and right subclavian vein were punctured. Anesthetic induction was accomplished with etomidate, cisatracurium, and fentanyl while maintenance was achieved with sevoflurane. The probe of the transesophageal echocardiography equipment was introduced immediately after tracheal intubation, showing increased left ventricle; severe aortic insufficiency due to coaptation failure of the three leaflets; and competent pulmonary valve without anatomical and physiological changes. Intercurrences were not observed during surgery, with 120 minutes of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and 8 hours of surgery. Immediately after removal from ECC the transesophageal echocardiography showed good function of both the auto- and homograft; however, the right ventricle presented hypocontractility, which was corrected with a bolus of milrinone followed by continuous infusion. The patient was transferred to the postanesthetic recovery unit intubated and hemodynamically stable with infusion of milrinone and sodium nitroprusside. CONCLUSIONS: Ross procedure is one of the techniques for correction of congenital aortic insufficiency in which transesophageal echocardiography guides the surgeon precisely on the physiological and anatomical status of vascular grafts.

Keywords

Echocardiography, Transesophageal, Aortic Valve Insufficiency, Heart Defects, Congenital, Cardiac Surgical Procedures

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