Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942011000300004
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Analgesia pós-operatória: comparação entre infusão contínua de anestésico local e opioide via cateter peridural e infusão contínua de anestésico local via cateter na ferida operatória

Postoperative analgesia: comparing continuous epidural catheter infusion of local anesthetic and opioid and continuous wound catheter infusion of local anesthetic

Maria Cristina Simões de Almeida; Giovani de Figueiredo Locks; Horácio Pereira Gomes; Guilherme Muriano Brunharo; Ana Laura Colle Kauling

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942011000300004 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.61, n3, p.298-303, 2011
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A infusão contínua de anestésicos locais na ferida cirúrgica vem sendo investigada como um método no controle da dor pós-operatória, tendo sido demonstrada sua eficácia em relação à infusão de solução fisiológica. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a qualidade da analgesia pós-operatória, o uso de opioides como analgesia de resgate, a satisfação dos pacientes e a incidência de complicações entre a utilização de anestésico local e opioide via cateter peridural, com a infusão contínua de anestésico local na ferida operatória. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 38 pacientes submetidos a laparotomias eletivas sob anestesia geral, que foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. O Grupo I recebeu como analgesia pós-operatória ropivacaína e fentanil em infusão contínua e controlada pelo paciente por cateter peridural (PCEA), enquanto o Grupo II, recebeu infusão contínua, controlada pelo paciente, de ropivacaina através de cateter implantado na ferida operatória. Foram avaliados no pós-operatório: a qualidade da analgesia por meio da Escala Analógica Visual de dor; o uso de opioides de resgate; os efeitos adversos à satisfação dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: Observaram-se diminuição da dor em repouso e em movimento (p < 0,05) e menor consumo de opioides de resgate (p < 0,05) no GI em todos os intervalos avaliados, bem como maior grau de satisfação na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA). A incidência de complicações foi similar entre os grupos, exceto prurido que prevaleceu no GI entre 6 horas (p < 0,05) e 24 horas (p < 0,001) pós-operatórias. CONCLUSÕES: A analgesia pós-operatória com opioide e anestésico local via PCEA mostrou-se superior ao uso de anestésico local em infusão contínua e controlada pelo paciente na ferida operatória. A incidência de efeitos colaterais foi similar entre os grupos.

Palavras-chave

ANESTESIA, EQUIPAMENTO, DOR, TÉCNICAS DE ANALGESIA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Continuous wound infusion has been investigated as a method of postoperative pain control and its efficacy has been demonstrated when compared to saline infusion. The objective of this study was to compare the quality of postoperative analgesia, the use of opioids as rescue analgesia, patient satisfaction, and the incidence of complications between epidural catheter infusion of local anesthetic and opioids and continuous wound infusion of local anesthetic. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients undergoing elective laparotomy under general anesthesia, randomly divided into two groups, participated in this study. Group I (GI) received postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with continuous infusion of ropivacaine and fentanyl, while Group II (GII) receive postoperative patient-controlled continuous wound catheter infusion of ropivacaine. In the postoperative period, the following parameters were assessed: quality of analgesia through the Visual Analogue Scale; use of rescue opioids; and adverse effects driving patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Decreased pain at rest and with movements (p < 0.05) and lower consumption of rescue opioids (p < 0.05) were observed in GI in all intervals evaluated, as well as greater patient satisfaction in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). The incidence of complications was similar in both groups except for pruritus which prevailed in GI between 6 (p < 0.05) and 24 (p < 0.001) postoperative hours. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative analgesia with opioids and local anesthetics via PCEA was superior to the patient-controlled local anesthetic infusion into surgical wound. The incidence of side effects was similar in both groups.

Keywords

Analgesia, Patient controlled, Anesthesia, Local, Analgesia, Epidural, Wounds and Injuries, Pain, Postoperative

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