Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942011000100003
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Correlação entre o índice de massa corporal (IMC) de gestantes e hipotensão após raquianestesia para cesarianas

Correlation between the body mass index (BMI) of pregnant women and the development of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section

Fernando Souza Nani; Marcelo Luis Abramides Torres

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942011000100003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.61, n1, p.25-30, 2011
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Existem poucas publicações correlacionando hipotensão em gestantes obesas, principalmente em obesas mórbidas, após raquianestesia para cesárea. Objetivamos avaliar a incidência de hipotensão correlacionada ao IMC. MÉTODO: No grupo Eutrofia foram incluídas 49 pacientes com IMC pré-gestacional abaixo de 25 kg.m-2 e no grupo Sobrepeso, 51 pacientes com IMC igual ou acima de 25 kg.m-2. Após raquianestesia, foram anotadas as medidas de pressão arterial, volume de cristaloides infundidos e dose de vasopressores utilizada até o nascimento. Redução da pressão arterial sistólica abaixo de 100 mmHg ou 10% da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) inicial foi classificada como hipotensão e corrigida com vasopressor. RESULTADOS: Os episódios de hipotensão foram menores no grupo Eutrofia (5,89 ± 0,53 vs. 7,80 ± 0,66; p = 0,027), assim como a quantidade de cristaloides (1.298 ± 413,6 mL vs. 1.539 ± 460,0 mL; p = 0,007) e o uso de vasopressores (5,87 ± 3,45 bolus vs. 7,70 ± 4,46 bolus; p = 0,023). Quanto às doenças associadas, observamos maior incidência de diabetes entre as gestantes obesas (29,41% vs. 9,76%, RR 1,60; IC 95%: 1,15-2,22; p = 0,036), porém não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação à incidência de doença hipertensiva específica da gestação (DHEG) (sobrepeso: 21,57%, peso normal: 12,20%, RR 1,30; IC 95%: 0,88-1,94; p = 0,28). CONCLUSÕES: Na amostra estudada, IMC pré-gestacional maior ou igual a 25 kg.m-2 apresentou-se como fator de risco para hipotensão após raquianestesia em pacientes submetidas a cesáreas. O mesmo grupo de pacientes necessitou de um número de doses maior de vasopressores. A valorização desses achados implica aprimorar as técnicas anestésicas nessas pacientes a fim de diminuir as consequências da hipotensão pós-raquianestesia, tanto na gestante como no feto.

Palavras-chave

CIRURGIA, Obstétrica, COMPLICAÇÕES, Hipotensão arterial, DOENÇA, Obesidade, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Very few publications correlate hypotension in obese pregnant women, and especially morbidly obese, after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of hypotension according to the BMI. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with pregestational BMI below 25 kg.m-2 were included in the Eutrophia group, and 51 patients with BMI > 25 kg.m-2 were included in the Overweight group. After spinal anesthesia, blood pressure, volume of crystalloid infused, and dose of vasopressors used until delivery were recorded. A fall in systolic blood pressure below 100 mmHg or 10% reduction of the initial systolic blood pressure (SBP) was considered as hypotension and it was corrected by the administration of vasopressors. RESULTS: Episodes of hypotension were fewer in the Eutrophia group (5.89 ± 0.53 vs. 7.80 ± 0.66, p = 0.027), as well as the amount of crystalloid administered (1,298 ± 413.6 mL vs. 1,539 ± 460.0 mL; p = 0.007), and use of vasopressors (5.87 ± 3.45 bolus vs. 7.70 ± 4.46 bolus; p = 0.023). As for associated diseases, we observed higher incidence of diabetes among obese pregnant women (29.41% vs. 9.76%, RR 1.60, 95%CI: 1.15-2.22, p = 0.036), however, differences in the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) were not observe between both groups (overweight: 21.57%, normal weight: 12.20%, RR 1.30, 95%CI: 0.88-1.94, p = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS: In the study sample, pregestational BMI > 25 kg.m-2 was a risk factor for hypotension after spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section. The same group of patients required higher doses of vasopressors. Those results indicate that the anesthetic techniques in those patients should be improved to reduce the consequences of post-spinal anesthesia hypotension, both in pregnant women and fetuses.

Keywords

Obesity, Obesity, Morbid, Cesarean Section, Anesthesia, Obstetrical, Anesthesia, Spinal

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