Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942010000400011
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

Reação cutânea grave induzida por carbamazepina no tratamento da neuralgia pós-herpética: relato de caso

Severe carbamazepine-induced cutaneous reaction in the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia: case report

João Batista Santos Garcia; Letácio Santos Garcia Ferro; Anamada Barros Carvalho; Rosyane Moura da Rocha; Livia Maria Lima de Souza

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942010000400011 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.60, n4, p.433-437, 2010
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O herpes zoster tem como principal complicação a neuralgia pós-herpética (NPH). Utiliza-se para o tratamento a carbamazepina (CXB), um anticonvulsivante bem tolerado, porém frequentemente associado a reações Cutâneas graves, como, por exemplo, a síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ) e a necrólise epidérmica tóxica (NET). O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de SSJ/NET secundário ao uso de CBZ em paciente com NPH. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, com dor contínua em região torácica e dorso, intensa, em queimação, fisgada, choque, alteração de força de membro superior ipsilateral e sudorese. Apresentava lesões crostosas e eritematosas em região dorsal do tórax, com alodinia e disestesias em dermátomo acometido. Iniciou-se CBZ 300 mg.dia-1, amitriptilina (AMT) 12,5 mg à noite e infiltração com anestésico local na região afetada. Após 15 dias, referia mal-estar, febre, dores musculares e artralgias com rash cutâneo leve e inespecífico. Retirou-se a carbamazepina imediatamente. Uma semana depois, foi internada com urticária e exantema generalizados, erupções Cutâneas eritematosas, bolhosas e máculas purpúricas por todo o corpo. A impressão era de SSJ/NET induzida por carbamazepina. Houve progressiva piora do quadro, com aumento do número e do tamanho das lesões Cutâneas, além de rash eritematoso macular generalizado, áreas de necrose e erosões, com destacamento simétrico da epiderme em face, pescoço, tórax, dorso e membros acometendo mais de 50% da área de superfície, além de envolvimento da mucosa bucal, conjuntival e genital com erosões vesiculares. Apresentou piora funcional progressiva, evoluindo com choque séptico e falência múltipla de órgãos, indo a óbito. CONCLUSÕES: A SSJ/NET é uma reação Cutânea grave com potencial para morbidade e mortalidade elevadas e que demanda intervenção rápida e tratamento adequado. Fica também o alerta para o uso da carbamazepina, que deve sempre ser supervisionado, especialmente em idosos.

Palavras-chave

COMPLICAÇÕES, doenças, Viral, DROGAS, Anticonvulsivante

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the main complication of herpes zoster. Carbamazepine (CBZ), a well-tolerated anticonvulsant, but frequently associated with severe cutaneous reactions, such as the Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is used in the treatment of this complication. The objective of this article was to report a case of SJS/TEN secondary to CBZ in a patient with PHN. CASE REPORT: This is a female patient with continuous severe, burning, chock-like pain in the thoracic region and dorsum associated with reduced strength in the ipsilateral upper limb and diaphoresis. She had crusty and erythematous lesions in the dorsal region of the thorax with allodynia and dysesthesia in the affected dermatome. She was treated with CBZ 300 mg.day-1, amitriptyline (AMT) 12.5 mg at bedtime, and infiltration with local anesthetic in the affected region. After 15 days, she developed malaise, fever, muscle pain, and arthralgia with a mild non-specific cutaneous rash. Carbamazepine was discontinued immediately. One week later, she was hospitalized with urticaria, generalized exanthema, erythematous cutaneous eruptions, bullae, and purpuric maculae all over her body. The impression was of carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN. She evolved with progressive worsening of her symptoms, with increase in the number and size of cutaneous lesions, besides generalized erythematous macular rash, areas of necrosis, and erosions with symmetrical loosening of the epidermis in face, neck, thorax, dorsum, and limbs, affecting more that 50% of her body surface, besides involvement of buccal, conjunctival, and genital mucosa with vesicular erosions. She had progressive functional worsening, evolving to septic shock and multiple organ failure followed by death. CONCLUSIONS: Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severe cutaneous reaction with potential for elevated morbidity and mortality that requires immediate intervention and adequate management. In addition, we would like to alert that the use of Carbamazepine should be supervised, especially in the elderly.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS, DISEASES, Viral, DRUGS, Anticonvulsant

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