Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942010000300001
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Anestesia geral versus raquianestesia para colecistectomia videolaparoscópica

General anesthesia versus spinal anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Luiz Eduardo Imbelloni; Marcos Fornasari; José Carlos Fialho; Raphael Sant'Anna; José Antonio Cordeiro

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942010000300001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.60, n3, p.217-227, 2010
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A colecistectomia laparoscópica é o tratamento de escolha para a litíase biliar. Este estudo foi idealizado para comparar a possibilidade de se realizar colecistectomia laparoscópica sob raquianestesia comparando com anestesia geral. MÉTODO: Entre julho 2007 e setembro 2008, 68 pacientes com sintomas de cálculo na vesícula foram incluídos no estudo. Pacientes com estado físico ASA I e II foram aleatoriamente separados para serem operados de colecistectomia laparoscópica com pneumoperitônio com baixa pressão de CO2 sob anestesia geral (n = 33) ou raquianestesia (n = 35). A anestesia geral foi realizada com propofol, fentanil, rocurônio, sevoflurano e intubação traqueal. A raquianestesia foi realizada com 15 mg de bupivacaína hiperbárica com 20 µg fentanil até que o nível sensitivo atingisse T3· Parâmetros intraoperatórios, dor pós-operatória, complicações, recuperação, satisfação do paciente e custo foram comparados entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: Todos os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram completados com o método de escolha e apenas um paciente foi convertido da raquianestesia para a anestesia geral. A dor foi significativamente menor a 2, 4 e 6 horas após o procedimento sob raquianestesia comparado com o grupo que recebeu anestesia geral. O custo da raquianestesia foi significativamente menor. Todos os pacientes foram liberados após 24 horas. Na avaliação no pós-operatório, todos os pacientes ficaram satisfeitos com a raquianestesia e recomendariam esse procedimento. CONCLUSÕES: A colecistectomia laparoscópica com pneumoperitônio com baixa pressão de CO2 pode ser realizada com segurança sob raquianestesia. A raquianestesia foi associada a mínima dor pós-operatória, melhor recuperação e menor custo do que anestesia geral.

Palavras-chave

ANESTESIA, CIRURGIA, CIRURGIA, TÉCNICA ANESTÉSICA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for cholelithiasis. The objective of this study was to compare the possibility of performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia. METHODS: Between July 2007 and September 2008, 68 patients with symptoms of cholelithiasis were included in this study. Patients with physical status ASA I and II were randomly divided to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low-tension pneumoperitoneum with CO2 under general anesthesia (n = 33) or spinal anesthesia (n = 35). Propofol, fentanyl, rocuronium, sevoflurane, and tracheal intubation were used for general anesthesia. Hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg, and fentanyl 20 µg to achieve a sensorial level of T3· were used for the spinal anesthesia. Intraoperative parameters, postoperative pain, complications, recovery, patient satisfaction, and cost were compared between both groups. RESULTS: All surgical procedures were completed with the chosen method and spinal anesthesia was converted to general anesthesia only in one patient. Pain was significantly lower at 2, 4, and 6 hours after the procedure under spinal anesthesia. The cost of the spinal anesthesia was significantly lower than that of the general anesthesia. All patients were discharged after 24 hours. In the postoperative evaluation, all patients were satisfied with the spinal anesthesia and would recommend this procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low-pressure pneumoperitoneum with CO2 can be safely performed under spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia was associated with an extremely low level of postoperative pain, better recovery, and lower cost than general anesthesia.

Keywords

subaracnoidea, ANESTHESIA, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUE, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUE, SURGERY, SURGERY

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