Resumo
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A revascularização miocárdica (RM) em pacientes com hipertrofia e/ou disfunção ventricular é frequentemente realizada sem utilização de circulação extracorpórea (CEC) porque o desmame da CEC pode ser difícil nesses casos. O controle intraoperatório exige ajuste hemodinâmico estrito, bem como uso de pinçamento aórtico parcial para minimizar alterações hemodinâmicas é efetivo. O objetivo foi relatar dois casos de instabilidade hemodinâmica durante RM sem CEC, após pinçamento parcial da aorta. RELATO DOS CASOS: No primeiro caso, a paciente do sexo feminino apresentava diâmetro aórtico ligeiramente reduzido (2,8 cm) e o segundo paciente apresentava fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda (FEVE) de 24% à ecocardiografia. Em ambos os casos, observou-se importante hipotensão arterial e elevação da pressão arterial pulmonar imediatamente após pinçamento aórtico. As equipes cirúrgicas foram avisadas e a instabilidade hemodinâmica de cada caso resolvida após a liberação do pinçamento parcial da aorta. Os pinçamentos posteriores foram realizados em menor área aórtica e as anastomoses proximais realizadas sem intercorrências. CONCLUSÕES: Embora as causas mais comuns de instabilidade hemodinâmica durante a RM sem CEC refiram-se à manipulação da posição cardíaca e a alterações da pré-carga ventricular, nesses casos, hipotensão arterial e hipertensão pulmonar deveram-se, provavelmente, à diminuição do débito cardíaco secundário ao aumento da pós-carga em pacientes com pequeno diâmetro relativo da aorta ou disfunção ventricular ocorridos mesmo com pinçamento parcial. A adequada monitoração intraoperatória e a correção imediata de alterações hemodinâmicas podem minimizar a morbimortalidade cirúrgica.
Palavras-chave
CIRURGIA, Cardíaca, CIRURGIA, Cardíaca, COMPLICAÇÕES, COMPLICAÇÕES, MONITORAÇÃO
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Myocardial revascularization (MR) in patients with ventricular hypertrophy and/or dysfunction is frequently performed without cardiopulmonary bypass (CB), since it can be difficult to wean those patients off CB. Intraoperative control demands strict hemodynamic adjustment, as well as partial clamping of the aorta to minimize hemodynamic changes. The objective of this study was to report two cases of hemodynamic instability during MR without CB after partial clamping of the aorta. CASE REPORT: The first case is a female patient, whose aortic diameter was slightly reduced (2.8 cm); the second case refers to a patient with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 24% on the echocardiogram. In both cases, significant hypotension and increase in pulmonary blood pressure were observed immediately after clamping of the aorta. The surgical teams were informed of the problem, and in both cases the hemodynamic instability was reverted after unclamping of the aorta. Afterwards, smaller areas of the aorta were clamped and proximal anastomoses were performed without intercurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Although cardiac manipulation and changes in ventricular preload represent the most common causes of hemodynamic instability during MR without CB, in the cases presented here, hypotension and pulmonary hypertension were most likely secondary to a reduction in cardiac output due to the increase in afterload in patients with a relatively small aortic diameter or ventricular dysfunction even with partial clamping. Adequate intraoperative monitoring and immediate correction of the hemodynamic changes can minimize surgical morbidity and mortality.
Keywords
COMPLICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS, MONITORING, SURGERY, Cardiac, SURGERY, Cardiac
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