Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942009000600013
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Como o anestesiologista pode contribuir para a prevenção de infecção no paciente cirúrgico

Ways the anesthesiologist can contribute to the prophylaxis of infection in the surgical patient

Fabiana Aparecida Penachi Bosco Ferreira; Maria Ligia Gomes Marin; Tânia Mara V Strabelli; Maria José Carvalho Carmona

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O paciente cirúrgico com infecção hospitalar, além de aumentar os custos hospitalares, pode não recuperar sua condição prévia e até morrer. Além dos riscos individuais bem estabelecidos, o desenvolvimento de infecção pósoperatória depende do procedimento a que será submetido, das condições hospitalares e do cirurgião. Apesar de haver muitos protocolos visando o controle da infecção, falta padronização de intervenções intraoperatórias visando a otimização desse paciente. Assim, esta revisão teve como objetivo discutir algumas dessas intervenções que são eficazes e necessárias, alertando o anestesiologista da sua importância na prevenção da infecção hospitalar. CONTEÚDO: Nesta revisão foram abordadas as causas de infecção no paciente cirúrgico e discutiu-se como a adequada administração de antibióticos, o controle térmico e glicêmico e as estratégias de ventilação mecânica, hidratação e transfusão podem reduzir as taxas de infecção no paciente cirúrgico. CONCLUSÕES: O anestesiologista é o profissional que deve intervir no intraoperatório com medidas simples para otimizar o atendimento do paciente cirúrgico e diminuir índices de infecção.

Palavras-chave

ANTIBIÓTICOS, COMPLICAÇÕES

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Besides the increase in hospital costs, surgical patients with nosocomial infection may not recover their previous condition and their condition can even evolve to death. Besides well-established patient-related risks, postoperative infection is also dependent on the surgical procedure, the hospital conditions and the surgeon. Despite several protocols to prevent nosocomial infections, standardization of intraoperative interventions to optimize those patients does not exist. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss some of those interventions that are effective and necessary, alerting anesthesiologists of their importance in preventing nosocomial infections. CONTENTS: In this review, the causes of infections in surgical patients as well as the adequate administration of antibiotics, temperature and blood glucose control, and strategies of mechanical ventilation, hydration, and transfusions that can reduce the incidence of infections in surgical patients are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The anesthesiologist is the professional who should intervene in the intraoperative period with simple measures to optimize the care of surgical patients and to reduce the incidence of infections.

Keywords

ANTIBIOTICS, COMPLICATIONS

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