Anestesia peridural lombar ou bloqueio do plexo lombar combinados à anestesia geral: eficácia e efeitos hemodinâmicos na artroplastia total do quadril

Leonardo Teixeira Domingues Duarte; Paulo Sérgio Siebra Beraldo; Renato Ângelo Saraiva

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942009000600001

Scientific Article

Anestesia peridural lombar ou bloqueio do plexo lombar combinados à anestesia geral: eficácia e efeitos hemodinâmicos na artroplastia total do quadril

Epidural lumbar block or lumbar plexus block combined with general anesthesia: efficacy and hemodynamic effects on total hip arthroplasty

Leonardo Teixeira Domingues Duarte; Paulo Sérgio Siebra Beraldo; Renato Ângelo Saraiva

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942009000600001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.59, n6, p.649-664, 2009

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A anestesia para artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) constitui desafio devido à idade avançada e às doenças associadas dos pacientes. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se o bloqueio do plexo lombar combinado à anestesia geral se equivale à anestesia peridural lombar quanto à eficácia do bloqueio nociceptivo, efeitos hemodinâmicos secundários, dificuldade na sua execução e influência no sangramento operatório em pacientes submetidos à ATQ. MÉTODO: Pacientes estado físico ASA I a III foram alocados aleatoriamente nos grupos Peridural e Lombar. No grupo Peridural, foi realizada anestesia peridural lombar contínua com ropivacaína a 0,5% 10 a 15 mL. No grupo Lombar, foi realizado bloqueio do plexo lombar pela via posterior com ropivacaína a 0,5% 0,4 mL.kg-1. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à anestesia geral. Foram estudados: a dificuldade na execução dos bloqueios, sua eficácia e efeitos hemodinâmicos secundários. RESULTADOS: 41 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. O tempo para execução do bloqueio peridural foi menor, mas o número de tentativas de posicionamento da agulha foi semelhante nos dois grupos. O bloqueio peridural foi mais eficaz. No grupo Lombar, houve aumento da pressão arterial diastólica e média (PAM) e no duplo produto após a incisão e o consumo anestésico durante a operação foi maior. Após o bloqueio, a PAM foi menor nos momentos 50, 60 e 70 minutos após a realização do bloqueio peridural. O sangramento foi semelhante nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica peridural promoveu bloqueio nociceptivo mais eficaz sem se associar à instabilidade hemodinâmica quando combinada à anestesia geral. O bloqueio do plexo lombar mostrou-se uma técnica útil em combinação com a anestesia geral quando a anestesia peridural estiver contraindicada.

Palavras-chave

CIRURGIA, Ortopédica, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, Regional, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, Regional

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anesthesia for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a challenge due to the advanced age and associated diseases of patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the efficacy of the nociceptive blockade, secondary hemodynamic effects, difficulty to execute the technique, and influence in intraoperative bleeding of lumbar plexus block combined with general anesthesia is equivalent to epidural lumbar block in patients undergoing THA. METHODS: Patients with physical status ASA I to III were randomly separated into two groups, Epidural and Lumbar. In the Epidural group, continuous epidural lumbar block with 10 to 15 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine was performed. Patients in the Lumbar group underwent posterior lumbar plexus block with 0.4 mL.kg-1 of 0.5% ropivacaine. All patients underwent general anesthesia. The difficulty to perform the technique, its efficacy, and secondary hemodynamic effects were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-one patients were included in this study. The length of time to execute the epidural block was shorter, but the number of attempts to position the needle was similar in both groups. Epidural block was more effective. In the Lumbar group, an increase in diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and in the double product was observed after the incision, and anesthetic consumption was greater. After the blockade, MAP was lower 50, 60, and 70 minutes after the epidural block. Bleeding was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nociceptive blockade, which was not associated with hemodynamic instability when combined with general anesthesia, was more effective in epidural block. Lumbar plexus block proved to be a useful technique when combined with general anesthesia when epidural block is contraindicated.

Keywords

ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, Regional, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, Regional, SURGERY, Orthopedic

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Anestesia peridural lombar ou bloqueio do plexo lombar combinados à anestesia geral: eficácia e efeitos hemodinâmicos na artroplastia total do quadril

Epidural lumbar block or lumbar plexus block combined with general anesthesia: efficacy and hemodynamic effects on total hip arthroplasty

Leonardo Teixeira Domingues Duarte; Paulo Sérgio Siebra Beraldo; Renato Ângelo Saraiva

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