Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942009000400001
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Estudo comparativo entre clonidina associada à bupivacaína e bupivacaína isolada em bloqueio de plexo cervical para endarterectomia de carótida

A comparative study between bupivacaine and clonidine associated with bupivacaine in cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy

Walter Pinto Neto; Adriana Machado Issy; Rioko Kimiko Sakata

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942009000400001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.59, n4, p.387-395, 2009
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O bloqueio de plexo cervical permite avaliação neurológica durante a endarterctomia, além de manter analgesia pós-operatória. A clonidina é agonista alfa2 com efeito analgésico em diferentes bloqueios. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o efeito analgésico da clonidina com bupivacaína em relação à bupivacaína isolada em bloqueio de plexo cervical. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 30 pacientes de forma aleatória e duplamente-encoberta divididos em dois grupos: G1 recebeu 1,5 mg.kg-1 de bupivacaína a 0,375% associados a 150 ¼g de clonidina (2 mL) e G2, 1,5 mg.kg-1 de bupivacaína a 0,375% associados à solução fisiológica (2 mL). Foram avaliados: frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial nos momentos 0 (bloqueio), 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos; necessidade de complementação anestésica; momento para primeira complementação analgésica; quantidade de analgésico usada e intensidade da dor nos momentos 0 (término da operação), 30, 60, 120, 240 e 360 minutos. RESULTADOS: A complementação anestésica com lidocaína foi de 3,8 mL no G1 e 3,6 mL no G2 sem diferença estatística significativa. O momento para a primeira complementação foi de 302,6 ± 152,6 minutos no G1, e de 236,6 ± 132,9 minutos no G2, sem diferença significativa. Não houve diferença na dose de dipirona e tramadol usada. Não houve diferença na intensidade da dor entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A associação de 150 ¼g de clonidina à bupivacaína em bloqueio de plexo cervical para endarterectomia de carótida não promoveu melhora significativa do efeito analgésico avaliado por intensidade da dor, primeira complementação analgésica e quantidade de analgésico complementar.

Palavras-chave

ANALGÉSICO, CIRURGIA, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neurological evaluation can be done during cervical plexus block for endarterectomy, which also maintains postoperative analgesia. The objective of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of clonidine associated with bupivacaine to those of bupivacaine in cervical plexus block. METHODS: A randomized double-blind study was undertaken with 30 patients divided in two groups: G1 received 1.5 mg.kg-1 of 0.375% bupivacaine associated with 150 ¼g of clonidine (2 mL), and G2 received 1.5 mg.kg-1 of 0.375% bupivacaine associated with NS (2 mL). The following parameters were evaluated: heart rate and blood pressure at 0 (block), 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes; the need for anesthetic supplementation; time until the first analgesic supplementation; amount of analgesic used; and pain severity at 0 (end of the surgery), 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 minutes. RESULTS: Group 1 received 3.8 mL of lidocaine for anesthetic supplementation, while G2 received 3.6 mL of lidocaine, but this difference was not statistically significant. In G1, the time until the first supplementation was 302.6 ± 152.6 minutes, and in G2 it was 236.6 ± 132.9 minutes, which was not statistically significant. Differences between the doses of dypirone and tramadol were not observed. Differences in pain severity between both groups were not observed either. CONCLUSION: The association of 150 ¼g of clonidine and bupivacaine in cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy did not improve significantly the analgesic effects evaluated by pain severity, time until the first analgesic supplementations and amount of supplementary analgesics.

Keywords

ANALGESIC, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, SURGERY

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