Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942009000100012
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Revisão sobre o uso de gabapentina para controle da dor pós-operatória

Review of the use of gabapentin in the control of postoperative pain

Jefferson Clivatti; Rioko Kimiko Sakata; Adriana Machado Issy

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A gabapentina tem sido utilizada como adjuvante no tratamento da dor pós-operatória com componente neuropático. É responsável pela inibição da sensibilização central, diminuindo a dor pós-operatória. CONTEÚDO: Foram selecionados todos os estudos clínicos com distribuição aleatória que avaliaram o efeito da gabapentina na dor pós-operatória em humanos entre 2002 e 2007. Foram encontrados 26 artigos publicados. Em 17 estudos os pacientes receberam dose única pré-operatória que variou de 300 a 1.200 mg entre 30 min e duas horas antes dos procedimentos. Nos demais estudos a medicação foi iniciada entre uma e 24 horas antes dos procedimentos, foi continuada por dois a dez dias na dose de 1.200 a 1.800 mg.dia-1. Para medida de intensidade da dor foram utilizadas a Escala Analógica Visual ou Numérica. Em 75% dos que receberam somente dose pré os escores foram menores com uso de gabapentina e também em 55,6% dos que receberam dose pré e pós. O consumo de opióide foi menor em 82,4% dos que receberam dose pré e em 77,8% dos que receberam pré e pós. Em estudos que usaram pré, quatro não descreveram efeitos adversos; não houve diferença em 52,9%, mais náusea ou vômito em 11,8%, mais tontura em 5,9%, mais sedação em 5,9%, menos náusea ou vômito em um e menos retenção urinária em um. Em estudos que usaram pré e pós, quatro não descreveram efeitos adversos; não houve diferença em 22,2%, mais náusea ou vômito em 11,1%, mais tontura em 22,2% e mais sedação em 11,1%. CONCLUSÕES: A gabapentina usada tanto antes como antes e após a operação promove diminuição da intensidade da dor e da necessidade de complementação analgésica.

Palavras-chave

Dor, DROGAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gabapentin has been used as adjuvant in the treatment of postoperative pain with a neuropathic component. It is responsible for the inhibition of central sensitization, decreasing postoperative pain. CONTENTS: All clinical, randomized studies that evaluated the effects of gabapentin on postoperative pain in humans between 2002 and 2007 for a total of 26 studies were selected. In 17 studies, patients received a single preoperative dose, which ranged from 300 to 1,200 mg, 30 minutes to two hours before surgery. In the remaining studies, the administration of the drug was initiated one to 24 hours before the procedure and continued for 10 days, in doses that ranged from 1,200 to 1,800 mg.day-1. To measure pain severity, the Visual Analog or Numeric Rating Scale was used. In 75% of patients who received a single dose of gabapentin, scores were lower, and the same was seen in 55.6¨% of patients who received the drugs pre- and postoperatively. Opioid consumption was reduced in 82.4% of patients who received a single dose, and in 77.8% of patients who received pre- and postoperative gabapentin. Among the studies using a single dose of gabapentin, four did not describe adverse effects; 52.9% showed no differences, 11.8% detected more nausea or vomiting, 5.9% experienced more dizziness, 5.9% more sedation, less nausea or vomiting in one, and less urinary retention in one. Among the studies with pre- and postoperative administration of gabapentin, four did not describe adverse effects; 22.2% showed no differences, 11.1% had more nausea or vomiting, 22.2% more dizziness, and 11.1% more sedation. CONCLUSIONS: Gabapentin, used before as well as before and after surgery, decreased pain severity and the need of analgesic supplementation.

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