Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942008000600007
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

Síndrome de Tako-Tsubo em decorrência de bloqueio neuromuscular residual: relato de caso

Tako-Tsubo syndrome secondary to residual neuromuscular blockade. Case report

Marcos Guilherme Cunha Cruvinel; Fabiano Soares Carneiro; Roberto Cardoso Bessa Junior; Yerkes Pereira e Silva; Mirna Bastos Marques

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A síndrome de Tako-Tsubo é uma complicação pós-operatória rara, com mortalidade em torno de 5%. O objetivo deste relato é apresentar o bloqueio neuromuscular residual como fator desencadeante da referida síndrome, discutir sobre a mesma e alertar sobre o bloqueio neuromuscular residual. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 61 anos, estado físico ASA I, submetida à anestesia geral associada a bloqueio paravertebral cervical para reparo artroscópico de lesão de manguito rotator. Após extubação foi evidenciado bloqueio neuromuscular residual por meio do exame clínico. Na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica evoluiu com sonolência, taquicardia, hipertensão arterial e acidose respiratória grave. Após a reintubação, evoluiu com parada cardíaca em atividade elétrica sem pulso, revertida com adrenalina e massagem cardíaca externa. Apresentou no pós-operatório elevação de segmento ST, aumento de troponina e acinesia de segmento médio-apical de ventrículo esquerdo com fração de ejeção estimada em 30%. A cineangiocoronariografia mostrou coronárias isentas de ateromatose significativa e grave comprometimento da função sistólica com acinesia inferior e ântero-septo-apical com hipercontratilidade compensatória de suas porções basais. Com o tratamento instituído houve recuperação funcional completa. CONCLUSÕES: O bloqueio neuromuscular residual associado à paralisia diafragmática e possível atelectasia pulmonar levando a insuficiência respiratória, hipercapnia e descarga adrenérgica foram os fatores desencadeantes da síndrome de Tako-Tsubo com sua grave repercussão clínica.

Palavras-chave

COMPLICAÇÕES, COMPLICAÇÕES

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tako-Tsubo syndrome is a rare postoperative complication with a 5% mortality rate. The objective of this report was to present residual neuromuscular blockade as a trigger for this syndrome, discuss this disorder, and call attention to the risks of residual neuromuscular blockade.
CASE REPORT: A 61-year old female, physical status ASA I, who underwent general anesthesia associated with paravertebral cervical block for arthroscopic repair of a rotator cuff lesion. Physical exam after extubation detected residual neuromuscular blockade. In the post-anesthetic care unit the patient developed somnolence, tachycardia, hypertension, and severe respiratory acidosis. After reintubation the patient evolved for cardiac arrest with electrical activity without a pulse, which was reverted with the administration of adrenaline and external cardiac massage. In the postoperative period the patient presented elevation of the ST segment, increased troponin, and left ventricular medial-apical akinesia with an estimated ejection fraction of 30%. Cardiac catheterization showed absence of significant atheromatous lesions in the coronary vessels, and severe disruption of the systolic function with inferior and antero-septo-apical akinesia and compensatory basal hypercontractility. The patient had complete functional recovery with the treatment instituted.
CONCLUSIONS: Residual neuromuscular blockade associated with diaphragmatic paralysis and possible pulmonary atelectasis leading to respiratory failure, hypercapnia, and adrenergic discharge triggered the Tako-Tsubo syndrome with severe clinical repercussion.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS: Residual neuromuscular blockade, Tako-Tsubo syndrome.

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