Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942008000300011
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Mecanismos envolvidos na analgesia da lidocaína por via venosa

Mechanisms of analgesia of intravenous lidocaine

Gabriela Rocha Lauretti

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A lidocaína é utilizada por via venosa desde a década de 1960 para diversas finalidades. Seu mecanismo de ação multimodal foi o objetivo principal dessa revisão. CONTEÚDO: Foram revisados mecanismos de ação divergentes do clássico bloqueio do canal de Na+, a ação diferencial da lidocaína venosa na sensibilização central, sua ação analgésica e citoprotetora, assim como as diferentes doses da lidocaína utilizadas por via venosa. CONCLUSÕES: A ação analgésica final da lidocaína por via venosa reflete seu aspecto multifatorial de ação. Em relação à sensibilização central, sugere-se uma ação anti-hiperalgésica periférica da lidocaína na dor somática e central na dor neuropática, com resultante bloqueio da hiperexcitabilidade central. A dose por via venosa não deve exceder a concentração plasmática tóxica de 5 µg.mL-1, sendo consideradas seguras doses inferiores 5 mg.kg-1, administradas lentamente (30 minutos), com monitoração.

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, ANALGESIA, ANALGESIA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intravenous lidocaine has been used for several indications since the decade of 1960. Its multimodal mechanism of action was the objective of this review. CONTENTS: Mechanisms of action that diverge from the classical Na+ channel blockade, the differential action of intravenous lidocaine in central sensitization, and the analgesic and cytoprotective actions, as well as the different doses of intravenous lidocaine were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: The final analgesic action of intravenous lidocaine is a reflection of its multifactorial action. It has been suggested that its central sensitization is secondary to a peripheral anti-hyperalgic action on somatic pain and central on neuropathic pain, which result on the blockade of central hyperexcitability. The intravenous dose should not exceed the toxic plasma concentration of 5 µg.mL-1; doses smaller than 5 mg.kg-1, administered slowly (30 minutes), under monitoring, are considered safe.

Keywords

ANALGESIA, ANALGESIA, ANALGESIA

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