Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942008000200010
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

Anestesia para paciente portadora de múltiplas afecções endócrinas: relato de caso

Anesthesia in a patient with multiple endocrine abnormalities: case report

Renato Toledo Maciel; Fátima Carneiro Fernandes; Leonel dos Santos Pereira

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942008000200010 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.58, n2, p.172-178, 2008
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O insulinoma é o tumor endócrino pancreático mais comum. Pode estar associado a neoplasias endócrinas múltiplas (NEM). Relatou-se o caso de paciente com distúrbios endócrinos múltiplos que, no entanto, não se enquadram em síndromes (NEM) já conhecidas e com particularidades clínico-anestésicas que influenciaram no manuseio de sua anestesia. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente feminina, 23 anos, apresentando hipoglicemias de difícil controle associadas à doença de Cushing e prolactinoma, sem sintomas compressivos hipofisários e com estudos de tireóide e de paratireóides sem alterações. A investigação laboratorial encontrou massa retroperitoneal de etiologia desconhecida que, relacionada à situação clínica, levou a hipótese de insulinoma. Relatava ainda ser testemunha de Jeová. A proposta terapêutica era biópsia da massa por videolaparoscopia e enucleação do insulinoma. Ao exame: obesa, dentes protrusos, Mallampati 3 e sintomas de apnéia obstrutiva do sono. Nos exames laboratoriais, o resultado relevante foi o hematócrito de 58%. Recebeu midazolam (7,5 mg) e clonidina (200 µg) via oral como medicação pré-anestésica. A indução anestésica foi realizada com fentanil (150 µg), clonidina (90 µg), propofol (150 mg) e pancurônio (8 mg), sendo realizada a intubação traqueal sem problemas. Foram estabelecidos acesso venoso central e monitoração invasiva da pressão. Mantida infusão de glicose 5% com eletrólitos e monitorada a glicemia capilar a cada 30 minutos, que não acusou episódios de hipoglicemia durante a intervenção cirúrgica. Manteve-se hemodinamicamente estável mesmo durante o pneumoperitônio. No pós-operatório apresentou episódios de hipoglicemia que motivaram sua reoperação. CONCLUSÕES: A singularidade do caso está na conjunção de múltiplas endocrinopatias e de particularidades do manuseio cirúrgico-anestésico. A exérese do insulinoma deve ser monitorada no intra-operatório para que se evitem ressecções incompletas do tumor. A multiplicidade dos desafios em um só paciente exige do anestesiologista o conhecimento de cada obstáculo e suas interações, traçando estratégias para contorná-los.

Palavras-chave

DOENÇAS, Endócrina: insulinoma, hipoglicemia, síndrome endócrina múltipla, doença de Cushing, prolactinoma, policitemia

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Insulinoma is the most common pancreatic endocrine tumor and it can be associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). This is a report on a patient with multiple endocrine abnormalities, who did not fulfill the criteria of known syndromes (MEN) and the clinical-anesthetic particularities that influenced the anesthetic management. CASE REPORT: A 23-year old female patient with episodes of hypoglycemia difficult to control, associated with Cushing's disease and prolactinoma without symptoms of pituitary compression and with normal thyroid and parathyroid. Investigation found a retroperitoneal mass of unknown origin which in face of the clinical presentation raised the hypothesis of insulinoma. The patient also referred to be a Jehovah's Witness. Biopsy of the mass by videolaparoscopy and enucleation of the insulinoma were proposed. On physical exam the patient was overweight, had protruding teeth, she was classified as Mallampati 3 and had symptoms of sleep apnea. Laboratorial exams revealed hematocrit 58%. Pre-anesthetic medication consisted of oral midazolam (7.5 mg) and clonidine (200 µg). Fentanyl (150 µg), clonidine (90 µg), propofol (150 mg) and pancuronium (8 mg) were used for anesthetic induction and she was intubated without intercurrences. Central venous access and invasive blood monitoring were instituted. Intravenous infusion of D5W with electrolytes was instituted and capillary glucose levels were monitored every 30 minutes, which did not demonstrate any episodes of hypoglycemia during the surgery. The patient remained hemodynamically stable even during the pneumoperitoneum. She developed postoperative episodes of hypoglycemia, which motivated the re-operation. CONCLUSIONS: This case is unique due to the presence of multiple endocrine abnormalities and the particularities of the surgical-anesthetic management. Intraoperative monitoring is mandatory during removal of an insulinoma to avoid incomplete tumor resection. Multiple challenges in one patient demand the knowledge, by the anesthesiologist, of each obstacle and its interactions in order to devise strategies to control them.

Keywords

DISORDERS, Endocrine: insulinoma, hypoglycemia, multiple endocrine syndrome, Cushing's disease, prolactinoma, polycythemia

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