Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942007000600009
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

Anestesia para cesariana em paciente portadora de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica familiar: relato de caso

Anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with familiar hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: case report

Renato Mestriner Stocche; Luis Vicente Garcia; Jyrson Guilherme Klamt

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942007000600009 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.57, n6, p.665-671, 2007
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica familiar (CHF) é uma doença cardíaca rara, com transmissão hereditária, caracterizada por hipertrofia do septo ventricular e grau variável de estenose aórtica subvalvar. Nessa doença, o aumento da contratilidade do miocárdio e a diminuição da resistência vascular periférica podem agravar a obstrução da via de saída do VE, produzindo disritmia e isquemia cardíaca. Este relato objetivou discutir o manuseio anestésico para cesariana em paciente com CHF. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente com 33 semanas de gestação e diagnóstico prévio de CHF apresentou no holter de 24 horas 22 episódios de taquicardia ventricular não-sustentada (TVNS) e dois episódios de taquicardia ventricular sustentada (TVS). Referia episódios de palpitação, dispnéia e dor precordial de curta duração. A paciente foi medicada com atenolol e apresentou controle dos sintomas e das disritmias cardíacas. Com 38 semanas e 5 dias de gestação a paciente foi submetida à cesariana eletiva. Além do habitual a monitorização contou com análise de segmento ST e pressão arterial invasiva. Utilizou-se anestesia raquiperidural com injeção de 5 µg de sunfentanil na raqui seguida de administração de bupivacaína a 0,375% em doses de incremento até atingir altura de T6 (total de 16 mL). Utilizou-se metaraminol como vasopressor. Não houve hipotensão arterial materna ou outras complicações no perioperatório. CONCLUSÕES: A anestesia geral é freqüentemente utilizada para cesarianas de pacientes com CHF. A anestesia raquiperidural com instalação lenta do bloqueio foi uma alternativa segura. Nessas pacientes, o aumento da contratilidade miocárdica deve ser evitado, devendo-se, se necessário, utilizar-se um a-agonista para correção de hipotensão arterial materna.

Palavras-chave

CIRURGIA, Obstétrica, DOENÇAS, Cardíaca, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, Regional

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Familiar Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is a rare hereditary cardiac disorder characterized by hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and variable degrees of subvalvular aortic stenosis. In this disease, the increase in myocardial contractility and reduction in peripheral vascular resistance can aggravate left ventricular outlet obstruction, leading to arrhythmias and cardiac ischemia. The objective of this report was to discuss the anesthetic management of cesarean section in a patient with FHC. CASE REPORT: A patient in the 33rd week of pregnancy and prior diagnosis of FHC presented, on the 24-hour Holter monitor, 22 episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) and 2 episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT). She complained of episodes of palpitation, dyspnea, and chest pain of short duration. The patient was medicated with atenolol, with control of symptoms and cardiac arrhythmias. Within 38 weeks and 5 days of gestation, the patient underwent elective cesarean section. Besides the usual monitoring, analysis of the ST segment and invasive blood pressure were also instituted. Anesthesia consisted of combined spinal-epidural technique with subarachnoidal administration of 5 µg of sufentanil followed by the administration of increasing doses of 0.375% bupivacaine until it reached the level of T6 (total of 16 mL). Metaraminol was used as a vasopressor. Perioperative maternal hypotension or other complications were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: General anesthesia is often used for cesarean sections in patients with FHC. Spinal-epidural anesthesia with slow installation of the blockade was a safe alternative. In those patients, one should avoid an increase in myocardial contractility and, if necessary, a a-agonist should be used to treat maternal hypotension.

Keywords

ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, Regional, DISEASES, Cardiac, SURGERY, Obstetric

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