Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942007000500013
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Sedação e analgesia em neonatologia

Sedation and analgesia in neonatology

Yerkes Pereira e Silva; Renato Santiago Gomez; Thadeu Alves Máximo; Ana Cristina Simões e Silva

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942007000500013 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.57, n5, p.575-587, 2007
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A importância do estudo da dor em Neonatologia se deve ao fato de que a sensação de dor e estresse significa sofrimento e desconforto para os recém-nascidos e, apesar desse conhecimento, pouco tem sido feito para minimizá-los. Nessa revisão foram discutidas: a prevenção da dor, as medidas não-farmacológicas e farmacológicas para o seu tratamento e a sedação em recém-nascidos. CONTEÚDO: Várias são as medidas não-farmacológicas que podem ser tomadas com intuito de prevenir a dor nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e também para tornar o ambiente mais humanizado e menos estressante para os pacientes e seus familiares. O tratamento da dor no recém-nascido consiste em medidas não-farmacológicas (sucção não-nutritiva, glicose) e farmacológicas (analgésicos não-opióides, opióides e anestésicos locais). A sedação em recém-nascidos é produzida por fármacos que agem diminuindo a atividade, a ansiedade e a agitação do paciente, podendo levar à amnésia de eventos dolorosos ou não-dolorosos. A sedação pode ser feita pela administração de hidrato de cloral, barbitúricos, propofol e benzodiazepínicos. CONCLUSÕES: A prevenção da dor e a indicação de analgesia devem ser individualizadas e sempre consideradas em todos os recém-nascidos portadores de doenças potencialmente dolorosas e/ou submetidos a procedimentos invasivos, cirúrgicos ou não.

Palavras-chave

ANALGÉSICOS, Opióides, ANALGÉSICOS, Não-opióides, ANESTÉSICOS, DOR, Tratamento, SEDAÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The study of pain in neonatology is important because pain and stress mean suffering and discomfort for newborns and, despite it, very little has been done to minimize them. In this revision we discuss: prevention of pain, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment, and sedation in newborns. CONTENTS: Several non-pharmacological measures can be taken to prevent pain in Neonatal Intensive Care Units, and to humanize and reduce the stress on the environment for patients and their families. Pain treatment in the newborn consists of non-pharmacological (non-nutritive suckling, glucose) and pharmacological (non-opioid analgesics, opioids, and local anesthetics) measures. Sedation in the newborn is achieved with drugs that decrease activity, anxiety, and agitation of the patient, and that could lead to amnesia of painful and non-painful events. Sedation can be accomplished with chloral hydrate, barbiturates, propofol, and benzodiazepines. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention of pain and the indication of analgesia should be individualized and always considered in every newborn with potentially painful disorders and/or undergoing invasive procedures, surgical or not.

Keywords

ANALGESICS, Opioids, ANALGESICS, ANESTHETICS, PAIN, Treatment, SEDATION

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