Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942007000400008
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

Síndrome coronariana aguda em paciente com doença coronariana de alto risco no pós-operatório de colecistectomia videolaparoscópica

Acute coronary syndrome in a patient with severe coronary artery disease after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Adriano Bechara de Souza Hobaika; Émerson Seiberlich; Márcia Rodrigues Néder Issa

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942007000400008 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.57, n4, p.406-409, 2007
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A isquemia miocárdica perioperatória é um evento incomum e quase sempre está relacionada com taquicardia e/ou hipotensão arterial em pacientes com doença coronariana de alto risco. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 71 anos, diabético, hipertenso e com doença coronariana, submetido à colecistectomia videolaparoscópica. A anestesia foi induzida com propofol, cisatracúrio e remifentanil e mantida com sevoflurano e remifentanil. Durante o fechamento da parede o paciente apresentou hipertensão arterial, sem alterações ao ECG. A velocidade de infusão de remifentanil foi aumentada e, após cinco minutos, o paciente apresentou bloqueio atrioventricular total associado à redução da pressão arterial média (PAM). Após a administração de 1,0 mg de atropina e 0,1 mg de adrenalina, o paciente apresentou taquicardia temporária e a PAM se normalizou. Ele foi transferido consciente e extubado para UTI, onde, após 12 horas, apresentou dor precordial e ECG com infradesnivelamento ST de V4 a V6. O ecocardiograma revelou boa função sistólica, sem alterações segmentares e curva de CK-MB normal. O paciente foi tratado em protocolo de angina instável. CONCLUSÕES: O paciente apresentava risco aumentado para isquemia pós-operatória e foi submetido a um procedimento no qual as alterações hemodinâmicas são profundas. É sabido que instabilidades hemodinâmicas perioperatórias em pacientes com doença coronariana aumentam o risco de síndromes coronarianas no pós-operatório e estas podem ocorrer até 72 horas após o ato cirúrgico, apresentando-se, na maioria dos casos, de forma silenciosa. A administração pré-operatória de betabloqueadores e, mais recentemente, de estatinas têm se mostrado eficiente na redução de eventos isquêmicos perioperatórios nesses pacientes.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, Venoso, CIRURGIA, Abdominal, COMPLICAÇÕES, Cardíaca, DOENÇAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Perioperative myocardial ischemia is rare, being frequently related with tachycardia and/or hypotension in patients with severe coronary artery disease. CASE REPORT: A male patient, 71 years old, with diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, cisatracurium, and remifentanil and maintained with sevoflurane and remifentanil. During closure of the abdominal wall, the patient became hypotensive without ECG changes. The rate of remifentanil infusion was increased and, after five minutes, the patient developed complete atrioventricular block and reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP). After the administration of 1.0 mg of atropine and 0.1 mg of adrenaline, the patient developed temporary tachycardia and MAP returned to normal. He was transferred to the ICU awake and after being extubated; after 12 hours, the patient complained of chest pain and the ECG demonstrated depression of the ST segment from V4 to V6. The echocardiogram demonstrated good systolic function without segmental changes. The CPK-MB curve was normal. The patient was treated with the protocol for unstable angina. CONCLUSIONS: The patient presented a high risk for postoperative ischemia and underwent a surgical procedure with important hemodynamic changes. It is known that perioperative hemodynamic instability in patients with coronary artery disease increase the risk of postoperative coronary syndrome, which may happen up to 72 hours after the procedure and, in the majority of the cases, it is silent. The preoperative administration of beta-blockers and, more recently, statins have proved to be effective in reducing perioperative ischemia in these patients.

Keywords

ANESTHETICS, Venous, COMPLICATIONS, Cardiac, DISEASES, Cardiac

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