Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942007000400004
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Influência da morfina peridural na função pulmonar de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia aberta

The influence of epidural morphine in the pulmonary function of patients undergoing open cholecystectomy

Gilson Cassem Ramos; Edísio Pereira; Salustiano Gabriel Neto; Ênio Chaves de Oliveira; Roberto Helôu Rassi; Sílvio Pinheiro de Lemos Neto

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942007000400004 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.57, n4, p.366-381, 2007
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Operações de abdome superior podem causar, no pós-operatório, disfunções ventilatórias. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a função pulmonar após colecistectomias laparoscópicas e abertas, com e sem morfina peridural. MÉTODO: Em estudo do tipo ensaio clínico duplamente encoberto e aleatório, 45 pacientes foram distribuídas em três grupos, GL, GA e GAM, de 15 componentes submetidas a colecistectomias. O grupo GL foi operado pela via laparoscópica; enquanto GA e GAM, pela via aberta, sendo que este último recebeu morfina peridural. As pacientes realizaram espirometrias e gasometrias no pré- e no pós-operatório. A hipótese de igualdade de médias entre os grupos foi verificada utilizando-se a ANOVA. Quando os resultados apresentaram diferença estatística significativa, realizava-se o teste de Tukey. A hipótese de igualdade de médias entre um mesmo grupo foi verificada por meio do teste t de Student emparelhado. O valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado significativo. RESULTADOS: As variáveis espirométricas no pré- e no pós-operatório imediato: a) para capacidade vital forçada (CVF) GL versus GA (p = 0.000) e GL versus GAM (p = 0.000); para redução percentual da CVF GA versus GAM (p = 0,001); b) mesmos grupos entre si: GL para CVF (p = 0,020) e volume expiratório forçado em 1 segundo (VEF1) (p = 0,022); GA para CVF (p < 0,001) e VEF1 (p < 0,001); e GAM para CVF (p = 0,007) e VEF1 (p = 0,001). A pressão arterial de oxigênio (PaO2) reduziu em todos os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Pode-se concluir que as menores disfunções ventilatórias ocorreram nas pacientes operadas pela via laparoscópica e que a morfina peridural reverteu, parcialmente, o distúrbio ventilatório pós-operatório de colecistectomia aberta.

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, Pós-operatória, CIRURGIA, Abdominal, COMPLICAÇÕES, Pós-operatória

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Upper abdominal surgeries may cause postoperative respiratory dysfunction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pulmonary function after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomies, with and without epidural morphine. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 45 patients undergoing cholecystectomies were divided in three groups: GL, GA, and GAM, composed of 15 patients each. The GL group underwent laparoscopic surgery, while GA and GAM underwent open cholecystectomy, but the former received epidural morphine. Pre- and postoperative spirometry and arterial blood gases were performed. ANOVA was used to verify the hypothesis of equality of the means among the groups. When results were statistically significant, the Tukey test was performed. Paired test t Student was used to verify the hypothesis of equality within a group. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The pre and immediately postoperative spirometry results were used to determine: a) forced vital capacity (FVC) in GL versus GA (p = 0.000) and GL versus GAM (p = 0.000); percentage of the reduction of FVC in GA versus GAM (p = 0.001); b) within each group: in GL, FVC (p = 0.020) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (p = 0.022); in GA, FVC (p < 0.001) and FEV1 (p < 0.001); and in GAM, FVC (p = 0.007) and FEV1 (p = 0.001). The arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) was reduced in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS: One can conclude that respiratory dysfunction was less severe in patients operated by laparoscopy and that epidural morphine reversed, partially, the postoperative ventilatory disturbances of open cholecystectomy.

Keywords

ANALGESIA, Postoperative, COMPLICATIONS, postoperative, SURGERY, Abdominal

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