Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942007000400002
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Administração intraperitoneal da mistura com excesso enantiomérico de 50% de bupivacaína (S75-R25) para analgesia pós-operatória em colecistectomias videolaparoscópicas

Intraperitoneal administration of 50% enantiomeric excess (S75-R25) bupivacaine in postoperative analgesia of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

João Batista Santos Garcia; Antônio M. Alencar Júnior; Carlos Eduardo Claro dos Santos

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942007000400002 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.57, n4, p.344-355, 2007
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O efeito analgésico de infusões intraperitoneais de anestésicos locais após colecistectomia videolaparoscópica é controverso e os resultados descritos vão de alívio considerável à pequena redução da dor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da administração intraperitoneal da mistura com excesso enantiomérico de 50% de bupivacaína (S75-R25) para o alívio da dor no pós-operatório de colecistectomia videolaparoscópica. MÉTODO: Estudo aleatório, placebo-controlado e duplamente encoberto com 40 pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia videolaparoscópica divididos em dois grupos: GI (n = 20) que recebeu 80 mL de solução de bupivacaína S75-R25 a 0,125% intraperitoneal no fim da operação; GII (n = 20) que recebeu 80 mL de solução fisiológica a 0,9%. Ambos os grupos receberam 40 mg de tenoxicam e 30 mg.kg-1 de dipirona, por via venosa, pouco antes do fim da operação. A analgesia no pós-operatório (PO) foi feita com tramadol. Foram avaliados os escores de dor em repouso, ao sentar e à manobra de Valsalva, segundo a escala numérica ao despertar e 2, 4, 8, 12 e 24 horas no PO; a presença de dor no ombro; o tempo para a primeira solicitação do analgésico; e o seu consumo cumulativo. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença estatística significativa entre os escores de dor às 12 horas no PO com o paciente em repouso (GI < GII). O tempo da primeira solicitação de tramadol foi maior no GI e o seu consumo menor neste grupo, porém essas diferenças não foram significativas. CONCLUSÕES: A instilação intraperitoneal de 80 mL de bupivacaína S75-R25 a 0,125% proporcionou baixos escores de dor em repouso de forma significativa somente às 12 horas de PO de colecistectomia videolaparoscópica.

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, ANESTÉSICOS, Local, TÉCNICA ANALGÉSICA, CIRURGIA, Abdominal

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The analgesic effect of intraperitoneal administration of local anesthetics after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a controversial issue, and the results described vary from considerable pain relief to little reduction in pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the intraperitoneal administration of 50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine (S75-R25) for the postoperative pain relief of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study was conducted with 40 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, who were divided in two groups: GI (n = 20) received 80 mL of intraperitoneal 0,125% S75-R25 bupivacaine at the end of the procedure; and GII (n = 20) received 80 mL of intraperitoneal normal saline. Both groups received 40 mg of tenoxicam and 30 mg.kg-1 of intravenous dypirone shortly before the end of the surgery. Tramadol was used for postoperative analgesia (PO). Pain scores were evaluated at rest, sitting up, and during the Valsalva maneuver, according to a numeric scale upon waking up and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively; the presence of shoulder pain was assessed, as well as the length of time until the first request of analgesic and its cumulative consumption. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in resting pain scores at 12 hours PO (GI < GII). The length of time until the first request of tramadol was greater in GI and this group presented smaller consumption of this drug, but these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The intraperitoneal instillation of 80 mL of 0.125% S75-R25 bupivacaine provided for lower resting pain scores, which was statistically significant only at the 12th postoperative hour.

Keywords

ANALGESIA, ANESTHETICS, Local, ANALGESIC TECHNIQUE, SURGERY, Abdominal

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