Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942007000300006
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Artigo Científico

Bloqueio 3-em-1 prolongado versus analgesia sistêmica no tratamento da dor pós-operatória após a reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior do joelho

Extended three-in-one block versus intravenous analgesia for postoperative pain management after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament of the knee

Víctor A. Contreras-Domínguez; Paulina E. Carbonell-Bellolio; Álvaro C. Ojeda-Greciet; Edgardo S. Sanzana

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942007000300006 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.57, n3, p.280-288, 2007
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O bloqueio femoral contínuo (3-em-1) é usado para a analgesia pós-operatória de artroplastia de quadril e joelho com bons resultados, apresentando vantagens sobre outras técnicas de analgesia locorregional ou sistêmica e com baixa incidência de complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar clinicamente a utilidade do bloqueio femoral contínuo em comparação com a analgesia por via venosa na reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, controlado, com 60 pacientes com estado físico ASA I. Os paciente foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (n = 30): bloqueio femoral contínuo com infusão de bupivacaína e clonidina; Grupo 2 (n = 30): infusão por via venosa de cetoprofeno. A intervenção cirúrgica foi realizada sob raquianestesia e sedação. O tratamento da dor pós-operatória foi feito com analgesia controlada pelo paciente (PCA) usando morfina. A dor pós-operatória foi registrada 2, 4, 6, 24 e 36 horas após a intervenção cirúrgica usando a Escala Visual Analógica (VAS). O consumo de morfina, a satisfação dos pacientes e as complicações também foram registradas. RESULTADOS: No Grupo 1, o VAS pós-operatório entre 4 e 48 horas após a intervenção cirúrgica foi de 21 mm ± 2 e no Grupo 2 foi de 45 mm ± 4 (p < 0,001). O uso de morfina no período de 4 a 48 horas no Grupo 1 foi de 4,5 mg ± 1,5 e no Grupo 2 foi de 25,5 mg ± 3 (p < 0,001). No Grupo 1, 6,7% dos pacientes apresentaram náusea ou vômito no pós-operatório (NVPO) comparado com 20% no Grupo 2. CONCLUSÕES: O bloqueio 3-em-1 com bupivacaína e clonidina em infusão contínua forneceu analgesia mais eficaz, maior satisfação do paciente, reduziu o consumo de morfina por via venosa e apresentou menor incidência de NVPO do que a analgesia sistêmica.

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, Regional, CIRURGIA, Ortopédica

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Continuous femoral block (three-in-one) is used for postoperative analgesia in hip and knee replacements with good results, with advantages over other locoregional analgesic or intravenous techniques having low incidence of complications. The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the utility of continuous femoral block compared with intravenous analgesia in reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament. METHODS: Controlled prospective study of 60 patients ASA I. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 30): continuous femoral block with an infusion of bupivacaine and clonidine; and Group 2 (n = 30): intravenous ketoprofen infusion. Surgery was performed under spinal anesthesia and sedation. Postoperative pain management with morphine patient controlled analgesia (PCA). Postoperative pain recorded at 2, 4, 6, 24 and 36 hours after surgery using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Morphine consumption, satisfaction's score and complications are registered. RESULTS: In Group 1 postoperative VAS between 4 and 48 hours was 21 mm ± 2 and in Group 2 was 45 mm ± 4 (p < 0.001). Morphine consumption between 4 and 48 hours in Group 1 was 4.5 mg ± 1.5 and in Group 2 was 25.5 mg ± 3 (p < 0.001). In Group 1, 6.7% of patients presented postoperative nausea or vomiting (PONV) compared to 20% in Group 2. CONCLUSION: The three-in-one block with bupivacaine and clonidine in continuous infusion provides more efficient analgesia, patient satisfaction and less consumption of intravenous morphine and PONV than intravenous analgesia.

Keywords

ANALGESIA, Regional, SURGERY, Orthopedic

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