Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942007000200012
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Uso de dexmedetomidina em neurocirurgia

The use of dexmedetomidine in neurosurgery

Bernardo Aloisio Grings Herbert; Paulo Magalhães Gomes Ramaciotti; Fábio Ferrari; Laís Helena Camacho Navarro; Giane Nakamura; Geraldo Rolim Rodrigues Jr; Yara Marcondes Machado Castiglia; José Reinaldo Cerqueira Braz; Paulo do Nascimento Jr

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os fármacos alfa2-agonistas são a cada dia mais utilizados em Anestesiologia, seja como adjuvantes ou como agentes anestésicos únicos. Atualmente, o emprego da dexmedetomidina vem se popularizando devido à sua maior seletividade aos receptores alfa2 e, também, ao seu perfil farmacocinético. O objetivo desta revisão foi fazer uma análise do emprego da dexmedetomidina em neurocirurgia. CONTEÚDO: Além das considerações e revisão da literatura quanto ao emprego da dexmedetomidina especificamente em procedimentos neurocirúrgicos, foi realizada descrição dos efeitos do fármaco nos diversos sistemas do organismo. CONCLUSÕES: A dexmedetomidina tem perfil farmacocinético e farmacodinâmico que favorece seu emprego em diversos procedimentos neurocirúrgicos. A utilização clínica em procedimentos cirúrgicos com craniotomia para pinçamento de aneurisma e remoção de tumores é crescente. Além disso, seu uso em intervenções cirúrgicas funcionais é promissor.

Palavras-chave

CIRURGIA, Neurocirurgia, DROGAS, Agonista adrenérgico

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of alpha2-adrenergic agonists is increasingly more frequent in Anesthesiology, as adjuvant or the sole anesthetic drug. Currently, dexmedetomidine is gaining popularity due to its greater selectivity for the alpha2-adrenergic receptors and its pharmacokinetic profile. The aim of this review was to analyze the use of dexmedetomidine in neurosurgery. CONTENTS: Besides considerations and review of the literature regarding the use of dexmedetomidine, specifically in neurosurgical procedures, its effects on the different organ systems are described. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of dexmedetomidine favors its use in several neurosurgical procedures. Its use in craniotomy for the treatment of aneurysms and tumor removal is recent. Besides, its use in functional surgical interventions is promising.

Keywords

DRUGS, Adrenergic Agonists, SURGERY, Neurosurgery

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