Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942007000200001
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Efeitos adversos do sufentanil associado ao anestésico local pelas vias subaracnóidea e peridural em pacientes submetidas à analgesia de parto

Side effects of subarachnoid and epidural sufentanil associated with a local anesthetic in patients undergoing labor analgesia

Isabel C.F. Salem; Fernanda B. Fukushima; Giane Nakamura; Fábio Ferrari; Laís C. Navarro; Yara Marcondes Machado Castiglia; Eliana Marisa Ganem

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942007000200001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.57, n2, p.125-135, 2007
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A associação do opióide ao anestésico local melhora a qualidade da analgesia de parto e reduz o risco de toxicidade sistêmica pelo anestésico local. Os opióides, entretanto, podem determinar efeitos colaterais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar os efeitos adversos determinados pelo sufentanil, administrado por via subaracnóidea, associado à bupivacaína, com aquele determinado pelo sufentanil por via peridural, associado à ropivacaína, nas doses utilizadas no Serviço de Anestesia, em gestantes submetidas à analgesia de parto. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 60 pacientes, estado físico ASA I e II, com idade entre 15 e 42 anos, com gestação a termo e fetos saudáveis, submetidas à analgesia de parto. Foram distribuídas de forma aleatória em dois grupos: G1 - Duplo bloqueio - bupivacaína a 0,5% (2,5 mg) e sufentanil (5 µg) pela via subaracnóidea, G2 - Peridural - ropivacaína a 0,2% (20 mg) e sufentanil (10 µg) pela via peridural. Para doses complementares foi administrada ropivacaína a 0,2% (12 mg) e para resolução do parto, ropivacaína a 1% (50 mg). As pacientes foram avaliadas após analgesia (M1) com relação a hipotensão arterial, bradicardia materna, prurido, náusea, vômito, depressão respiratória e sedação. No pós-operatório (M2), quanto à presença de náusea, vômito, prurido, sedação, retenção urinária e dor. Os recém-nascidos foram avaliados pelo índice de Apgar. Para análise estatística, foram utilizados teste t de Student, Mann-Whitney e Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram similares com relação à idade, ao peso, à altura, à duração do período de trabalho de parto após analgesia, ao Apgar dos recém-nascidos, à ocorrência de hipotensão arterial, bradicardia, náusea, vômito, prurido e retenção urinária. A sedação foi mais freqüente nas pacientes de G2, em M1 (50%) com diferença estatística significativa. CONCLUSÕES: O sufentanil nas doses utilizadas, administrado por via subaracnóidea ou peridural, associado aos anestésicos locais, determinou similaridade na duração do trabalho de parto após analgesia e no Apgar dos recém-nascidos. A sedação foi o efeito adverso mais freqüente nas pacientes que receberam o opióide pela via peridural.

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, Obstétrica, ANALGÉSICOS, Opióides, ANESTÉSICOS, Local, COMPLICAÇÕES, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, Regional

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The association of an opioid with a local anesthetic improves the quality of labor analgesia and reduces the risk of systemic toxicity of the local anesthetic. However, opioids are not devoid of side effects. The aim of this study was to compare the side effects of subarachnoid sufentanil associated with bupivacaine to those caused by epidural sufentanil associated with ropivacaine in the doses used in the Anesthesiology Department in pregnant women undergoing labor analgesia. METHODS: Sixty pregnant women, ASA physical status I and II, ages between 15 and 42 years, at term and with healthy fetuses, undergoing labor analgesia were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided in two groups: G1 - combined spinal epidural anesthesia - 0.5% bupivacaine (2.5 mg) and subarachnoid sufentanil (5 µg); G2 - Epidural Block - 0.2% ropivacaine (20 mg), and epidural sufentanil (10 µg). Complementary doses of 0.2% ropivacaine (12 mg) were administered whenever necessary, and 1% ropivacaine (50 mg) was administered for labor resolution. Patients were evaluated after analgesia (M1) regarding the presence of hypotension, maternal bradycardia, pruritus, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, and sedation. They were also evaluated postoperatively (M2) regarding the presence of nausea, vomiting, pruritus, sedation, urinary retention, and pain. Newborns were evaluated by the Apgar score. The test t Student, Mann-Whitney test, and Chi-Square test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Both groups were similar regarding age, weight, height, duration of labor after analgesia, Apgar score of the newborns, hypotension, maternal bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and urinary retention. Sedation was more frequent in patients in G2 at M1 (50%), which was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Subarachnoid or epidural sufentanil, in the doses used in this study, associated with local anesthetics, had the same effect on the duration of labor after analgesia and in the Apgar score of newborns. Sedation was the most frequent side effect in patients receiving epidural sufentanil.

Keywords

ANALGESIA, Obstetric, ANALGESICS, Opioids, ANESTHETICS, Local, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, Regional, COMPLICATIONS

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