Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942007000100009
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

Anestesia para ventriculostomia por via endoscópica para tratamento de hidrocefalia: relato de casos

Anesthesia for endoscopic ventriculostomy for the treatment of hydrocephalus: case report

Friederike Wolff Valadares; Michelle Nacur Lorentz; Eliana G. Heyden; José Aloysio Costa Val Filho

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942007000100009 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.57, n1, p.83-89, 2007
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A terceiro-ventriculostomia endoscópica está se tornando um procedimento de rotina entre as intervenções neurocirúrgicas infantis. Entretanto, relatos sobre anestesia para crianças submetidas a tais procedimentos ainda são escassos. O objetivo desta série de casos foi demonstrar os cuidados e a eficácia do método empregado. RELATO DOS CASOS: Foram avaliadas retrospectivamente 38 crianças abaixo de 2 anos que se submeteram à terceiro-ventriculostomia neuroendoscópica para tratamento de hidrocefalia obstrutiva no período de 1999 a 2004 no Biocor Instituto. Foram estudados o diagnóstico, comorbidades, idade, peso, técnica anestésica, monitorização e as complicações intra e pós-operatórias. Todos os pacientes, entre 1 semana e 20 meses, apresentavam hidrocefalia obstrutiva por compressão do aqueduto de etiologia variada. A indução anestésica em 35 crianças foi por via inalatória e por via venosa em três delas. A monitorização de 34 pacientes foi com eletrocardiograma, oxímetro de pulso, capnógrafo e termômetro esofágico, sendo quatro crianças monitorizadas com pressão arterial invasiva contínua. A manutenção da anestesia em 15 pacientes foi balanceada com fentanil e isoflurano e em outros 23 pacientes inalatória com isoflurano. Trinta e cinco crianças foram extubadas após o procedimento na sala cirúrgica e outras três no CTI. Seis pacientes foram encaminhados ao CTI após a extubação. Complicações observadas: disritmias cardíacas sem repercussão hemodinâmica no intra-operatório (seis casos). Dois pacientes tiveram sangramento intra-operatório, mas somente um deles demandou implante de derivação ventricular externa. As complicações no pós-operatório foram: vômitos (6), picos febris (4) convulsões (2), laringoespasmo (1) e estridor laríngeo (1). CONCLUSÕES: A terceiro-ventriculostomia apresenta baixa incidência de complicações mesmo em pacientes com menos de 24 meses, desde que sejam adotadas técnicas anestésicas e cirúrgicas adequadas.

Palavras-chave

ANESTESIA, Pediátrica, CIRURGIA, Neurocirurgia, Doenças, Congênita

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is becoming routine among neurosurgical pediatric procedures. However, reports on anesthesia for children undergoing such procedures are rare. The aim of this series of cases was to demonstrate the precautions that should be taken and efficacy of the method used. CASE REPORT: Thirty-eight children younger than 2 years, who underwent neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy for the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus from 1999 to 2004 at the Biocor Instituto were evaluated retrospectively. The diagnosis, comorbidities, age, weight, anesthetic technique, monitoring, and intra- and postoperative complications were evaluated. Patients, ages 1 week to 20 months, presented obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to compression of the aqueduct of different etiologies. In thirty-five children anesthesia was induced by inhalational anesthetics and in 3 by intravenous anesthetics. Thirty-four patients were monitored with electrocardiogram, pulse oxymeter, capnograph, and esophageal thermometer, while in 4 children it included also continuous invasive blood pressure monitoring. Fifteen patients had balanced maintenance anesthesia with fentanyl and isoflurane, and 23 children received inhalational isoflurane. Thirty-five children were extubated after the procedure in the surgical room and three in the ICU. Six patients were transferred to the ICU after extubation. The following complications were observed: intraoperative cardiac arrhythmias without hemodynamic repercussions (6 cases); two patients presented intraoperative bleeding, but in only one the placement of an external derivation was necessary. The postoperative complications included: vomiting (6), fever (4), seizures (2), laryngeal spasm (1), and stridor (1). CONCLUSIONS: Third ventriculostomy has a low incidence of complications, even in patients younger than 24 months, as long as proper anesthetic and surgical procedures are used.

Keywords

ANESTHESIA, Pediatric, DISEASES, congenital, SURGERY, Neurosurgery

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