Analgesia e sedação da S(+) cetamina e da S(+) cetamina-morfina, associadas à ropivacaína, por via peridural, no pós-operatório de intervenção cirúrgica de abdômen superior

Taylor Brandão Schnaider; Antônio Mauro Vieira; Antônio Carlos Aguiar Brandão; Aretusa Chediak Roquim

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942007000100002

Scientific Article

Analgesia e sedação da S(+) cetamina e da S(+) cetamina-morfina, associadas à ropivacaína, por via peridural, no pós-operatório de intervenção cirúrgica de abdômen superior

Epidural S(+) ketamine and S(+) ketamine-morphine associated with ropivacaine in the postoperative analgesia and sedation of upper abdominal surgery

Taylor Brandão Schnaider; Antônio Mauro Vieira; Antônio Carlos Aguiar Brandão; Aretusa Chediak Roquim

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942007000100002 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.57, n1, p.8-18, 2007

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A combinação de fármacos, atuando por diferentes mecanismos de ação no corno dorsal da medula espinhal, acarreta diminuição da dor pós-operatória, com menor incidência de efeitos colaterais. O objetivo foi avaliar a analgesia e a sedação pós-operatórias causadas pela S(+) cetamina e S(+) cetamina-morfina associadas à ropivacaína, por via peridural, em colecistectomia por via subcostal. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 70 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, estado físico ASA I e II. Foram administradas por via peridural: ropivacaína a 0,75% associada ao cloreto de sódio a 0,9% no Grupo-controle (GC); ropivacaína a 0,75% associada à S(+) cetamina (0,5 mg.kg-1) no Grupo Cetamina (GK); ropivacaína a 0,75% associada à S(+) cetamina (0,5 mg.kg-1) e à morfina (2 mg) no Grupo Cetamina-Morfina2 (GKM2); ropivacaína a 0,75% associada à S(+) cetamina (0,5 mg.kg-1) e à morfina (3 mg) no Grupo Cetamina-Morfina3 (GKM3). A analgesia e a sedação foram observadas às duas, seis e 24 horas após o término do ato operatório. RESULTADOS: A sedação foi observada até duas horas após o término do ato operatório nos grupos GK, GKM2 e GKM3. A analgesia foi efetiva no GC até duas horas de pós-operatório, no GK nas duas e seis horas; nos GKM2 e GKM3, nas 2h, 6h e 24h. CONCLUSÕES: A S(+) cetamina e as associações S(+) cetamina-morfina promoveram sedação até duas horas após o término de ato operatório. A S(+) cetamina promoveu analgesia especialmente no momento de observação de duas horas e as associações S(+) cetamina-morfina promoveram analgesia sobretudo nos momentos de observação de 2h e 6h após o término do ato operatório.

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, ANALGÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS, Dissociativa, ANESTÉSICOS, Local, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, Regional

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The association of drugs with different mechanisms of action in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord decreases postoperative pain, with a reduction in the incidence of side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative analgesia and sedation by epidural S(+) ketamine and S(+) ketamine-morphine associated with ropivacaine in subcostal cholecystectomy. METHODS: Seventy patients of both genders, physical status ASA I and II, participated in this study. The following drugs were administered epidurally: 0.75% ropivacaine associated with 0.9% sodium chloride in the Control Group (CG); 0.75% ropivacaine associated with S(+) ketamine (0.5 mg.kg-1) in the Ketamine Group (KG); 0.75% ropivacaine associated with S(+) ketamine (0.5 mg.kg-1) and morphine (2 mg) in the Ketamine-Morphine Group2 (KMG2); 0.75% ropivacaine associated with S(+) ketamine (0.5 mg.kg-1) and morphine (3 mg) in the Ketamine-Morphine Group3 (KMG3). Analgesia and sedation were evaluated 2h, 6h, and 24h after the end of the surgery. RESULTS: Sedation was observed up to 2 hours after the end of the procedure in KG, KMG2, and KMG3. Analgesia was effective in CG up to 2 hours after the surgery, at 2h and 6h in KG, and at 2h, 6h, and 24h, in KMG2 and KMG3. CONCLUSIONS: S(+) ketamine and the associations S(+) ketamine-morphine promoted sedation up to 2h after the end of the surgical procedure. S(+) ketamine promoted analgesia especially at the moment of the 2h observation, and the associations of S(+) ketamine-morphine promoted analgesia especially at 2h and 6h after the surgery.

Keywords

ANALGESIA, ANALGESICS, ANESTHETICS, Dissociate, ANESTHETICS, Local, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, Regional

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Analgesia e sedação da S(+) cetamina e da S(+) cetamina-morfina, associadas à ropivacaína, por via peridural, no pós-operatório de intervenção cirúrgica de abdômen superior

Epidural S(+) ketamine and S(+) ketamine-morphine associated with ropivacaine in the postoperative analgesia and sedation of upper abdominal surgery

Taylor Brandão Schnaider; Antônio Mauro Vieira; Antônio Carlos Aguiar Brandão; Aretusa Chediak Roquim

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