Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942007000100001
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Efeitos da adição do óxido nitroso na anestesia durante pneumoperitônio em intervenção cirúrgica videolaparoscópica

Consequences of the addition of nitrous oxide to anesthesia during pneumoperitoneum in videolaparoscopic surgeries

Cláudia Regina Fernandes; Lenilson Marinho Souza Filho; Josenilia Maria Alves Gomes; Erik Leite Messias; Rodrigo Dornfeld Escalante

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942007000100001 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.57, n1, p.1-7, 2007
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A instalação do pneumoperitônio durante intervenção cirúrgica videolaparoscópica induz à ativação de mecanismos neuroendócrinos, alterações cardiovasculares e hormonais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da adição do óxido nitroso sobre a resposta simpática cardiovascular e a concentração expirada de sevoflurano (CEsevo) durante o pneumoperitônio, objetivando manter adequação anestésica avaliada por meio de parâmetros hemodinâmicos, do BIS e SEF95% em colecistectomias videolaparoscópicas. MÉTODO: Foram incluídos no estudo 31 pacientes, estado físico ASA I e II, com idade entre 19 e 76 anos. A indução anestésica foi feita com sufentanil (0,3 µg.kg-1), propofol (2,5 mg.kg-1) e cisatracúrio (0,15 mg.kg-1). Durante a manutenção da anestesia, a CEsevo foi ajustada para manter o BIS entre 40 e 60. Após a instalação do pneumoperitônio, iniciou-se a administração de óxido nitroso em concentrações crescentes de 20%, 40% e 60%. Foram aferidos os parâmetros BIS, SEF95%, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), pressão arterial média (PAM) e freqüência cardíaca (FC), nos momentos M1 - 5 minutos após pneumoperitônio, M2 - quando a concentração expirada do N2O = 20% (CEN2O = 20%); M3 - CEN2O = 40%; M4 - CEN2O = 60%. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre PAS, PAD, PAM e FC durante os momentos estudados. Houve diferença significativa na CEsevo nos momentos estudados, com diminuição de 35% quando comparou-se M1 e M4. CONCLUSÕES: O óxido nitroso, quando administrado em associação ao sevoflurano durante o pneumoperitônio em colecistectomia videolaparoscópica, propicia estabilidade hemodinâmica e diminuição do consumo de sevoflurano, com manutenção de parâmetros eletroencefalográficos compatíveis com adequação anestésica.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, Gasoso, CIRURGIA, MONITORIZAÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of pneumoperitoneum during videolaparoscopic surgeries activates neuroendocrine mechanisms, and causes cardiovascular and hormonal changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of nitrous oxide, to maintain adequate anesthetic levels, on the cardiovascular sympathetic response and in the expired concentration of sevoflurane (ECsevo) during pneumoperitoneum, by evaluating hemodynamic parameters, BIS, and SEF95%, during videolaparoscopic cholecystectomies. METHODS: Thirty-one patients, physical status ASA I and II, ages 19 to 76 years, were included in the study. Anesthetic induction was accomplished with sufentanyl 0.3 µg.kg-1), propofol (2.5 mg.kg-1), and cisatracurium (0.15 mg.kg-1). During the maintenance phase of anesthesia, the dose of ECsevo was adjusted to maintain BIS between 40 and 60. The administration of increasing concentrations of nitrous oxide, 20%, 40%, and 60%, was initiated after inducing pneumoperitoneum. The bispectral index, SEF95%, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were evaluated at M1 - 5 minutes after the pneumoperitoneum; M2 - when the expired concentration of N2O = 20% (ECN2O = 20%); M3 - ECN2O = 40%; M4 - ECN2O = 60%. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR in the moments studied. There was a significant difference in ECsevo in those same moments, with a 35% reduction when M1 and M4 were compared. CONCLUSIONS: When nitrous oxide is administered in association with sevoflurane during pneumoperitoneum in videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy, it provides for hemodynamic stability and reduces the amount of sevoflurane needed while, at the same time, maintaining electroencephalographic parameters compatible with adequate anesthesia.

Keywords

ANESTHETICS, Gases, MONITORING, SURGERY

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