Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942006000300006
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

Análise da celularidade do lavado bronco-alveolar em pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio com circulação extracorpórea: relato de três casos

Broncho-alveolar lavage cellularity in patients submitted to myocardial revascularization with cardiopulmonary bypass: three case reports

Luciano Brandão Machado; Luciana Moraes dos Santos; Elnara Márcia Negri; Luiz Marcelo Sá Malbouisson; José Otávio Costa Auler Júnior; Maria José Carvalho Carmona

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942006000300006 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.56, n3, p.263-272, 2006
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A circulação extracorpórea (CEC) é um dos principais determinantes da resposta inflamatória sistêmica (SIRS) em cirurgia cardíaca. Demonstrou-se em modelo experimental que a CEC pode levar a aumento na produção das citocinas. No intuito de avaliar a ativação celular no pulmão após CEC, foi estudada a celularidade no lavado bronco-alveolar (LBA) em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (RM) com CEC. RELATO DOS CASOS: Foram estudados, prospectivamente, três pacientes adultos submetidos à RM com CEC. Após indução de anestesia geral e intubação traqueal, a ventilação mecânica foi realizada com sistema circular valvular; exceto durante a CEC, o volume corrente foi mantido entre 8 e 10 mL.kg-1 com O2 e ar, numa proporção de 50%. Antes do despinçamento da aorta, foram realizadas insuflações pulmonares com pressão de 40 cmH2O e coletadas duas amostras de LBA de cada paciente, no início da intervenção cirúrgica e ao final do procedimento, após a reversão da anticoagulação. Após a infusão de 60 mL de solução fisiológica a 0,9% pelo canal do broncofibroscópio, foi aspirado o LBA, sendo o material encaminhado para processamento laboratorial. A análise evidenciou aumento do número total de células, em média, de 0,6.10(6) cél.dL-1 para 6,8.10(6) cél.dL-1 com aumento de neutrófilos de 0,8% para 4,7%; 0,6% para 6,2% e 0,5% para 5,3% em cada paciente, respectivamente. Observou-se na lâmina o aumento de celularidade no fluido pulmonar após a CEC. CONCLUSÕES: O influxo leucocitário é descrito em diversas condições clínicas pulmonares inflamatórias, como na síndrome da angústia respiratória do adulto. Sabe-se que a CEC está relacionada com a inflamação sistêmica e pulmonar, demonstrando aumento do número de células após a CEC com o predomínio de macrófagos.

Palavras-chave

CIRURGIA, Cardíaca, CIRURGIA, Cardíaca, COMPLICAÇÕES

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a primary determinant of systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) during cardiac procedures. It has been shown in an experimental model that CPB may increase cytokine production. This study aimed at evaluating post-CPB lung cell activation by investigating broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity in patients submitted to myocardial revascularization (MR) with CPB. CASE REPORTS: Participated in this prospective study 3 adult patients submitted to MR with CPB. After general anesthesia induction and tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation was installed with valve circle system; except during CPB, tidal volume was maintained between 8 and 10 mL.kg-1 with 50% O2 and air. Before aortic unclamping, 40 cmH2O pulmonary inflations were performed. Two BAL samples were collected from all patients at beginning and end of procedure, after anticoagulation reversion. BAL was aspired after 60 mL infusion of 0.9% saline through the bronchofibroscope tube. Material was then referred to laboratorial processing. Analysis has evidenced mean increase in total number of cells from 0.6 × 10(6)cel.dL-1 to 6.8 × 10(6) cel.dL-1 with increased neutrophils from 0.8% to 4.7%; 0.6% to 6.2% and 0.5% to 5.3% for each patient, respectively. There has been increased pulmonary fluid cellularity after CPB. CONCLUSIONS: Leukocyte inflow is described in different clinical pulmonary inflammatory conditions, such as adult respiratory distress syndrome. It is known that CPB is related to systemic and pulmonary inflammation with increased number of cells after CPB and predominance of macrophages.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS, SURGERY, Cardiac, SURGERY, Cardiac

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