Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942006000300002
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Estudo comparativo entre efedrina e etilefrina como vasopressor para correção da hipotensão arterial materna em cesarianas eletivas com raquianestesia

Ephedrine and etilefrine as vasopressor to correct maternal arterial hypotension during elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Comparative study

Sérgio D. Belzarena

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942006000300002 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.56, n3, p.223-229, 2006
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A efedrina é o vasopressor mais utilizado em obstetrícia e a etilefrina é muito usada em anestesia regional. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a efedrina com a etilefrina para correção de hipotensão arterial materna durante raquianestesia para cesariana eletiva. MÉTODO: Foram estudadas 120 gestantes divididas de forma aleatoria em dois grupos iguais. Todas receberam raquianestesia com bupivacaína, fentanil e morfina. Foi medida a pressão arterial não-invasiva e a freqüência cardíaca. Os recém-nascidos foram avaliados com o índice de Apgar. A incidência de hipotensão arterial, a quantidade de vasopressor necessária para correção e os efeitos adversos foram anotados. RESULTADOS: Ocorreu hipotensão arterial materna com freqüência nos dois grupos, sendo 68% do grupo etilefrina e 63% do grupo efedrina. Na maioria das gestantes foi corrigida com a primeira dose do vasopressor, sem diferença entre os grupos (66% etilefrina, 58% efedrina). A hipotensão arterial necessitou de duas ou mais doses de vasopressor para ser corrigida ou houve hipertensão reativa em poucas pacientes (24% e 10% do grupo etilefrina e 34% e 8% do grupo efedrina, respectivamente) sem diferença estatística significativa. Não houve diferença nos efeitos adversos e nos testes dos recém-nascidos. CONCLUSÕES: Com o método de administração empregado e com as doses de vasopressor selecionadas não houve diferença entre a efedrina e a etilefrina quando utilizadas para corrigir a hipotensão arterial materna em cesarianas com raquianestesia.

Palavras-chave

ANESTESIA, Regional, CIRURGIA, Obstétrica, DROGAS, DROGAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ephedrine is the most popular vasopressor for obstetrics and etilefrine is widely used in regional anesthesia. This study aimed at comparing ephedrine and etilefrine to correct maternal arterial hypotension during elective Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Participated in this study 120 pregnant patients who were randomly distributed in two equal groups. All patients received spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine, fentanyl and morphine. Noninvasive blood pressure and heart rate were monitored. Neonates were evaluated by the Apgar score. The incidence of hypotension, the amount of vasopressor needed to correct it and adverse effects were recorded. RESULTS: Maternal hypotension was similar in both groups (68% etilefrine group and 63% ephedrine group). The first vasopressor dose was enough to correct hypotension in most patients, with no difference between groups (66% etilefrine, 58% ephedrine). Few patients needed two or more doses to correct hypotension or presented reactive hypertension (24% and 10% in etilefrine and 34% and 8% in ephedrine groups, respectively), without statistically significant differences. There were no differences in adverse effects and neonate tests. CONCLUSIONS: With the administration method and selected vasopressor doses, there have been no differences between ephedrine and etilefrine used to correct maternal hypotension during Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Keywords

ANESTHESIA, Regional, DRUGS, DRUGS, SURGERY, Obstetric

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