Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942006000200006
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Influência da lidocaína no bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo rocurônio: estudo em preparação nervo frênico-diafragma de rato

Influence of lidocaine on the neuromuscular block produced by rocuronium: study in rat phrenic-diaphragmatic nerve preparation

Yolanda Christina S. Loyola; Angélica de Fátima de Assunção Braga; Glória Maria Braga Potério; Silmara Rodrigues de Sousa; Samanta Cristina Antoniassi Fernandes; Franklin S. da Silva Braga

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942006000200006 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.56, n2, p.147-156, 2006
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O mecanismo de ação dos anestésicos locais (AL) na junção neuromuscular motivou a realização de vários estudos. Em baixas doses eles não interferem na transmissão neuromuscular, mas em altas doses podem comprometer a transmissão neuromuscular e potencializar os efeitos de bloqueadores neuromusculares. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar, em diafragma de rato, a interação da lidocaína com o rocurônio através da influência no grau de bloqueio neuromuscular. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados ratos, com peso entre 250 e 300 g. A preparação foi feita de acordo com a técnica descrita por Bulbring. Formaram-se grupos (n = 5) de acordo com a droga em estudo: lidocaína - 20 µg.mL-1 (Grupo I); rocurônio - 4 µg.mL-1 (Grupo II) e rocurônio - 4 µg.mL-1 com lidocaína - 20 µg.mL-1 (Grupo III). Foram avaliadas: 1) a amplitude das respostas do músculo diafragma à estimulação indireta, antes e 60 minutos após a adição da lidocaína e do bloqueador neuromuscular; 2) os potenciais de membrana (PM) e potenciais de placa terminal em miniatura (PPTM); 3) a eficácia da neostigmina e 4-aminopiridina na reversão do bloqueio neuromuscular. RESULTADOS: A lidocaína isoladamente não alterou a amplitude das respostas musculares. Com o uso prévio de lidocaína o bloqueio neuromuscular do rocurônio foi de 82,8% ± 1,91%, com diferença significativa (p = 0,0079) em relação ao grupo com rocurônio isolado (57,8% ± 1,9%). O bloqueio foi parcial e totalmente revertido pela neostigmina e 4-aminopiridina, respectivamente. A lidocaína não alterou o potencial de membrana e ocasionou aumento inicial na freqüência dos PPTM, seguido de bloqueio. CONCLUSÕES: A lidocaína potencializou o bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo rocurônio. As alterações do PPTM identificam ação pré-sináptica. O antagonismo completo da 4-aminopiridina sugere componente pré-sináptico, idéia que é suportada pelo antagonismo parcial pela neostigmina.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, Local, ANIMAIS, BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, Não-despolarizantes

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The action mechanism of local anesthetics (LA) on neuromuscular junction motivated several studies. When administered at low doses, they do not interfere on neuromuscular transmission. But high doses may compromise neuromuscular transmission and increase the effects of neuromuscular blockers. The objective of this study was to evaluate lidocaine interaction with rocuronium on rat diaphragm through its influence on neuromuscular block degree. METHODS: Rats, weighing between 250 and 300 g, were used. Preparation was set according to the technique described by Bulbring. Groups were formed (n = 5) according to the drug being studied: lidocaine - 20 µg.mL-1 (Group I); rocuronium - 4 µg.mL-1 (Group II), and rocuronium - 4 µg.mL-1 with lidocaine - 20 µg.mL-1 (Group III). The following items were assessed: 1) the extent of diaphragm muscle responses to indirect stimulation, both before and 60 minutes after adding lidocaine and a neuromuscular blocker; 2) membrane potentials (MP) and miniature end-plate potentials (MEPP); 3) the effectiveness of neostigmine, and 4) aminopyridine on neuromuscular blockage reversal. RESULTS: When administered separately, lidocaine did not alter the extent of muscular responses. With the previous use of lidocaine, rocuronium neuromuscular blockage was 82.8% ± 1.91%, with a significant difference (p = 0.0079) when compared to the group with isolated rocuronium (57.8% ± 1.9%). Blockage was both partially and fully reverted by neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine, respectively. Lidocaine did not alter membrane potential and caused an initial increase on MEPP, followed by a blockage. CONCLUSIONS: Lidocaine increases the neuromuscular blocking produced by rocuronium. MEPP modifications identify a presynaptic action. The complete antagonism of 4-aminopyridine indicates a presynaptic component. This idea is supported by the partial antagonism through neostigmine.

Keywords

ANESTHETICS, Local, ANIMALS, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS, Nondepolarizing

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