Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942006000200004
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Impacto da avaliação pré-anestésica sobre a ansiedade e a depressão dos pacientes cirúrgicos com câncer

Impact of preanesthetic evaluation on anxiety and depression in cancer patients undergoing surgery

Lidiomar Lemos de Magalhães Filho; Arthur Segurado; José Alvaro Marques Marcolino; Lígia Andrade da Silva Telles Mathias

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942006000200004 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.56, n2, p.126-136, 2006
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Na trajetória do câncer, a ansiedade (Ans) e a depressão (Dep) manifestam-se durante os diversos momentos do diagnóstico e continuam durante e após o tratamento. O tratamento cirúrgico pode ter graves conseqüências físicas e psicológicas para o paciente com câncer. Os estudos não discutem a situação emocional dos pacientes com câncer frente à proximidade da internação para o ato anestésico-cirúrgico. Não é analisada também a influência da avaliação pré-anestésica ambulatorial sobre a Ans e/ou Dep desses pacientes. Esta pesquisa prospectiva procurou verificar o impacto da avaliação pré-anestésica sobre os níveis e prevalência de ansiedade e de depressão dos pacientes cirúrgicos com câncer. MÉTODO: Após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital foram selecionados 63 pacientes adultos, com câncer a serem submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica relacionada à doença. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos com a aplicação da escala antes (AAPA) ou no final (DAPA) da consulta pré-anestésica. Foram utilizadas as escalas de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar (HAD). As variáveis analisadas foram idade, faixa etária, sexo, cor da pele, estado civil, grau de instrução e situação ocupacional atual, número e porcentagem de pacientes com Ans/com Dep (HAD > 8); escores das escalas HAD-Ans e HAD-Dep. Na análise estatística, foi considerado significativo p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram homogêneos em relação aos dados sócio-demográficos. Comparando-se os dois grupos, observou-se diferença significativa dos níveis e prevalência de Ans entre os dois grupos e não se verificou diferença significativa dos níveis e prevalência de Dep (HAD-depressão). A mediana dos valores de AAPA e DAPA nos dois grupos, ficou abaixo do ponto de corte, mas houve redução significativa dos escores de Ans entre os grupos. Em relação à análise dos fatores de risco, houve diferença significativa apenas no item faixa etária (maior prevalência de Ans nos pacientes < 60 anos). CONCLUSÕES: A avaliação pré-anestésica reduziu a prevalência e os níveis de ansiedade dos pacientes deste estudo, mas não teve qualquer efeito sobre a prevalência e os níveis de depressão. A variável idade com valor menor ou igual a 60 anos foi identificada como fator de risco para a ansiedade.

Palavras-chave

AVALIAÇÃO PRÉ-ANESTÉSICA, CIRURGIA, Oncológica, COMPLICAÇÕES

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the course of a cancer disease, anxiety (ANX) and depression (DEPR) manifest during the several moments of diagnosis and continue during and after treatment. The surgical treatment may bring severe physical and psychological consequences to the cancer patient. However, the present studies do not discuss the cancer patients' emotional status when they are close to be hospitalized to undergo an anesthetic-surgical procedure. Also, there is no analysis of the impact of the ambulatory preanesthetic evaluation on these patients' anxiety and/or depression. The prospective study aimed at checking the impact of the preanesthetic evaluation on the anxiety and depression levels and prevalence of surgical cancer patients. METHODS: Upon approval by the Hospital Ethics Committee on Research, 63 adult patients bearing cancer and undergoing a disease-related surgery were selected and assigned to two groups, their end points being the before (AAPA) or after (DAPA) scale as regards the preanesthetic visit. For this purpose the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scales were applied. The variables analyzed included age, age range, gender, skin color, marital status, education level and present working status, number and percentage of patients experiencing Anxiety / with Depression (HAD > 8) and the HAD-ANX and HAD-DEPR scales scores. In the statistical analysis, a p < 0.05 was regarded as a significant value. RESULTS: Both groups were homogeneous, as regards socio demographic data. When comparing these groups, a significant difference was noted in the Anxiety prevalence levels (HAD-ANX) between them, whereas the difference in the Depression (HAD-DEPR) levels and prevalence was not noted. The mean of the before and after preanesthetic analysis in both groups was under the cut point, however a significant reduction of the Anxiety scores was noted between the groups. As regards the risk factors analysis, there was a significant difference only in the age range variable (more prevalence of anxiety in patients aged < 60 years old). CONCLUSIONS: The preanesthetic evaluation reduced the patients' anxiety levels and prevalence in this study, but did not impact on the depression levels and its prevalence. The variable 60-year or below age was identified as a risk factor for anxiety.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS, PREANESTHETIC EVALUATION, SURGERY, Oncologic

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