Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942006000100009
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

Rabdomiólise em paciente obeso mórbido submetido a gastroplastia redutora e durante revascularização de membro superior em paciente pediátrico: relato de casos

Rhabdomyolysis in morbidly obese patient submitted to gastric bypass and during upper limb revascularization of pediatric patient: case reports

Maria Angélica Abrão; Renata Gomes Ferreira; Paulo Alípio Germano Filho; Luiz Cláudio Lerner

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942006000100009 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.56, n1, p.63-71, 2006
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A rabdomiólise é uma síndrome que decorre da lesão ao músculo esquelético. Sua etiologia é ampla, trazendo um interesse particular, quando se manifesta como complicação intra ou pós-anestésica. O objetivo desse relato foi mostrar dois casos de rabdomiólise ocorridos no pós-operatório de intervenções cirúrgicas de longa duração, em pacientes com obesidade mórbida e lesão traumática, enfatizando a sua relação com a anestesia. RELATO DOS CASOS: O primeiro caso é de um paciente com 39 anos, obeso mórbido, IMC 62, submetido a gastroplastia redutora por laparotomia, sob anestesia geral. Apresentou, no pós-operatório, fraqueza muscular nos membros superiores e inferiores e alterações da sensibilidade. Evoluiu com dor muscular e urina avermelhada. O aumento dos níveis plasmáticos da enzima creatinocinase (CK) confirmou o diagnóstico de rabdomiólise. Tratado com hidratação forçada e diurético, não evoluiu com insuficiência renal, porém teve alta com seqüela muscular e neurológica. O segundo caso apresenta uma criança de sete anos, vítima de acidente com porta de vidro, operada de urgência para revascularização do membro superior esquerdo. Apresentou mudança da coloração da urina, que se tornou avermelhada, durante a anestesia. Foram administrados bicarbonato de sódio e manitol por via venosa, com os objetivos de alcalinizar a urina e aumentar o débito urinário. Enviado ao CTI, onde foi confirmada a hipótese de rabdomiólise, pelo aumento da enzima CK e pela mioglobinúria. Obteve alta no 10º dia de internação, sem seqüelas. CONCLUSÕES: Os casos apresentados mostraram os fatores de risco da rabdomiólise e sua relação com a anestesia e a cirurgia. O diagnóstico precoce é importante, no sentido de um tratamento rápido e agressivo, a fim de se evitarem complicações mais graves.

Palavras-chave

ANESTESIA, Pediátrica, CIRURGIA, Abdominal, COMPLICAÇÕES, DOENÇAS, Obesidade mórbida

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome caused by skeletal muscle injury. Its etiology is broad with special interest when it is manifested as intra or post-anesthetic complication. This report aimed at describing two cases of rhabdomyolysis in the postoperative period of long procedures in morbidly obese and trauma injury patients, emphasizing its correlation with anesthesia. CASE REPORTS: The first case is a 39-year old, morbidly obese patient, BMI 62, submitted to laparoscopic gastric bypass under general anesthesia. In the postoperative period patient presented upper and lower limbs muscle weakness and changes in sensitivity evolving with muscle pain and reddish urine. Increased creatinokinase (CK) plasma levels confirmed the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. Patient was treated with forced and diuretic hydration, has not evolved with renal failure, but was discharged with muscular and neurological sequelae. The second case is a 7-year old child victim of accident with a glass door, who was submitted to emergency procedure for left upper limb revascularization. During anesthesia urine color has changed becoming reddish. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate and mannitol were administered to alkalinize the urine and increase urinary output. Patient was referred to the ICU where rhabdomyolysis was confirmed by increased CK enzyme and myoglobinuria. Patient was discharged 10 days later without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Cases have shown risk factors for rhabdomyolysis and their relationship with anesthesia and surgery. Early diagnosis is critical for a fast and aggressive treatment to prevent more severe complications.

Keywords

ANESTHESIA, Pediatric, COMPLICATIONS, DISEASES, Morbid obesity, SURGERY, Abdominal

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