Náuseas e vômitos no pós-operatório: uma revisão do

Neusa Lages; Cristina Fonseca; Aida Neves; Nuno Landeiro; Fernando José Abelha

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942005000500013

Review Article

Náuseas e vômitos no pós-operatório: uma revisão do "pequeno-grande" problema

Postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review of the "minor-major" problem

Neusa Lages; Cristina Fonseca; Aida Neves; Nuno Landeiro; Fernando José Abelha

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942005000500013 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.55, n5, p.575-585, 2005

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Apesar da investigação contínua e do desenvolvimento de novos fármacos e técnicas, as náuseas e vômitos no pós-operatório (NVPO) são freqüentes e podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de complicações com conseqüente aumento dos custos hospitalares e dos recursos humanos. Os objetivos deste artigo são a revisão dos mecanismos fisiológicos, dos fatores de risco e das medidas terapêuticas disponíveis para o manuseio de NVPO. CONTEÚDO: Várias são as estratégias de manuseio de NVPO sugeridas neste artigo, destacando-se, no entanto, as linhas de orientação emitidas por Gan em 2003. Estas constituem a contribuição mais recente para a estratificação de risco, prevenção e tratamento dos pacientes com NVPO. CONCLUSÕES: Embora o manuseio de NVPO tenha melhorado nos últimos anos, estes ainda ocorrem freqüentemente em grupos de risco elevado. A estratégia atual para a prevenção e manuseio de NVPO permanece por estabelecer e as linhas de orientação de Gan deverão ser adaptadas a cada população de pacientes e à instituição hospitalar.

Palavras-chave

ANTIEMÉTICOS, COMPLICAÇÕES, COMPLICAÇÕES

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Notwithstanding continuous investigations and the development of new drugs and techniques, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are frequent and may contribute to the development of complications, thus increasing hospital and human costs. This article aimed at reviewing physiological mechanisms, risk factors and therapeutic approaches available to manage PONV. CONTENTS: Several strategies to manage PONV are suggested in this article, but stress is given to guidelines published by Gan in 2003. They are the most recent contribution for risk stratification, prevention and treatment of PONV patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although the management of PONV has improved in recent years, it is still common among high-risk patients. Current strategy to prevent and treat PONV is not yet established and Gan guidelines should be adapted to each population and institution.

Keywords

ANTIEMETICS, COMPLICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS

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