Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942005000400007
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Efeitos da dexmedetomidina sobre o sistema renal e sobre a concentração plasmática do hormônio antidiurético: estudo experimental em cães

Effects of dexmedetomidine on renal system and on vasopressin plasma levels: experimental study in dogs

Nivaldo Ribeiro Villela; Paulo do Nascimento Júnior; Lídia Raquel de Carvalho; Andrey Teixeira

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942005000400007 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.55, n4, p.429-440, 2005
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A insuficiência renal aguda peri-operatória é responsável por elevada taxa de morbidade e mortalidade. Os fármacos alfa2-agonistas aumentam o débito urinário e promovem boa estabilidade hemodinâmica nesse período. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar os efeitos renais e sobre a concentração plasmática do hormônio antidiurético (HAD) provocados pela dexmedetomidina no cão anestesiado. MÉTODO: Trinta e seis cães adultos, anestesiados com propofol, fentanil e isoflurano, foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos que receberam, de modo encoberto: G1 - injeção de 20 mL de solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9%, em 10 minutos, seguida de injeção de 20 mL da mesma solução em uma hora; G2 - injeção de 20 mL de solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9% contendo dexmedetomidina (1 µg.kg-1), em 10 minutos, seguida de injeção de 20 mL da mesma solução, com a mesma dose de dexmedetomidina (1 µg.kg-1), em uma hora e G3 - injeção de 20 mL de solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9% contendo dexmedetomidina (2 µg.kg-1) em 10 minutos, seguida de injeção de 20 mL da mesma solução, com a mesma dose de dexmedetomidina (2 µg.kg-1), em uma hora. As variáveis renais, hemodinâmicas e a concentração plasmática do HAD foram estudadas em quatro momentos: M1 (controle) - imediatamente após o período de estabilização; M2 - após a injeção inicial de 20 mL da solução em estudo, em 10 minutos, coincidindo com o início da injeção da mesma solução, em uma hora; M3 - 30 minutos após M2 e M4 - 30 minutos após M3. RESULTADOS: A dexmedetomidina reduziu a freqüência cardíaca e promoveu estabilidade hemodinâmica, mantendo constante o débito cardíaco. Houve elevação do débito urinário no G2 e G3, em comparação com o G1. A osmolalidade urinária no G2 e G3 foi menor no M3 e M4 em relação ao M1 e M2. A depuração de água livre aumentou no G3. A concentração plasmática do HAD diminuiu no G3, apresentando valores mais baixos que os observados no G1 e G2 em M2 e M4. CONCLUSÕES: Os cães anestesiados com baixas doses de dexmedetomidina promovem diurese hídrica por inibir a secreção do hormônio antidiurético, havendo potencial para proteção renal em eventos isquêmicos.

Palavras-chave

ANIMAIS, DROGAS, DROGAS, SISTEMA RENAL

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Perioperative acute renal failure increases morbidity and mortality. Alpha2-adrenergic agonists used in anesthesia increase urinary output and maintain cardiovascular stability. This study aimed at investigating the effects of dexmedetomidine on renal system and on vasopressin plasma levels in anesthetized dogs. METHODS: This study involved 36 adult mixed-breed dogs anesthetized with propofol, fentanyl, and isoflurane, which were randomly distributed in three groups receiving: G1 -20 mL of 0.9% saline in 10 minutes, followed by 20 mL of the same solution in one hour; G2 -20 mL of 0.9% saline with dexmedetomidine (1 µg.kg-1) in 10 minutes, followed by 20 mL of the same solution with the same dexmedetomidine dose (1 µg.kg-1) in one hour; and G3 -20 mL of 0.9% saline with dexmedetomidine (2 µg.kg-1) in 10 minutes, followed by 20 mL of the same solution with the same dexmedetomidine dose (2 µg.kg-1) in one hour. Renal and hemodynamic variables and vasopressin plasma levels were studied in four periods: M1 (control) - immediately after the stabilization period; M2 - after initial injection of the solution being studied, coinciding with the beginning of continuous injection of the same solution; M3 - 30 minutes after M2; and M4 - 30 minutes after M3. RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine has decreased heart rate and maintained adequate cardiovascular stability, as cardiac output was kept constant. Urinary output was increased for G2 and G3 as compared to G1. For G2 and G3, urinary osmolality has decreased in M3 and M4. For G3, values of free water clearance were increased throughout the experiment. Vasopressin plasma levels have decreased for G3, resulting in lower values as compared to G1 and G2 in M2 and M4. CONCLUSIONS: In anesthetized dogs, low doses of dexmedetomidine inhibit vasopressin secretion, causing aqueous diuresis. These actions might protect kidneys during ischemic events.

Keywords

ANIMALS, DRUGS, DRUGS, RENAL SYSTEM

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