Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942005000300009
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

Anestesia para correção intra-útero de mielomeningocele: relato de caso

Anesthesia for intrauterine myelomeningocele correction: case report

Angélica de Fátima de Assunção Braga; Monique Sampaio Rousselet; Helder Zambelli; Lourenço Sbragia; Ricardo Barini

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942005000300009 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.55, n3, p.329-335, 2005
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A cirurgia fetal constitui tratamento de malformações no período pré-natal, que não são adequadamente corrigidas após o nascimento e tem como objetivo tratar ou evitar a progressão das anomalias. O objetivo deste relato é apresentar um caso de anestesia para correção intra-útero de mielomeningocele. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente com 19 anos, 23 semanas de idade gestacional, sem antecedentes anestésicos, estado físico ASA I, submetida à cirurgia fetal intra-uterina, sob anestesia geral associada à peridural contínua. No pré-operatório utilizaram-se indometacina (50 mg por via retal), metoclopramida (10 mg por via venosa), cimetidina (50 mg por via venosa), e como medicação pré-anestésica midazolam (2 mg por via venosa). No espaço peridural injetou-se bupivacaína a 0,25% com adrenalina (25 mg) associada à fentanil (100 µg), seguida de passagem de cateter cefálico, para analgesia pós-operatória. O útero foi mantido deslocado para esquerda com auxílio da cunha de Crawford. Indução anestésica em seqüência rápida, com fentanil, propofol e rocurônio e manutenção com isoflurano em concentração de 2,5% a 3% veiculado em O2 e N2O (50%). Após histerotomia, realizada com staplin (grampeadores) para promover hemostasia, a região fetal a ser operada foi exposta e a analgesia e imobilidade fetal, foram obtidas com a associação fentanil (10 µg.kg-1) e pancurônio (0,1 mg.kg-1) administrada na região glútea fetal. A pressão arterial sistólica materna foi mantida acima de 100 mmHg, com efedrina em bolus (5 mg), colóides e cristalóides. O líquido amniótico perdido foi substituído por solução fisiológica aquecida. Após correção do defeito fetal, procedeu-se ao fechamento uterino e da membrana amniótica em dois planos, com fio de vicryl e cola de fibrina. Seguiu-se a diminuição gradativa da concentração do isoflurano, e para a manutenção do relaxamento uterino utilizou-se sulfato de magnésio (4 g/20minutos), seguido de infusão contínua (2 g/hora). Ao final da cirurgia injetou-se morfina (2 mg) pelo cateter peridural para analgesia pós-operatória. CONCLUSÕES: A anestesia para cirurgia fetal envolve dois seres, mãe e feto, e o manuseio anestésico exige segurança materno-fetal, anestesia e imobilidade fetal, relaxamento uterino, prevenção do trabalho de parto prematuro e analgesia pós-operatória.

Palavras-chave

CIRURGIA, Fetal, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, Geral

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fetal surgery is the treatment of choices for prenatal malformations that are not adequately corrected after birth and aims at treating or preventing the progression of the abnormalities. This report describes a case of anesthesia for intrauterine correction of a myelomeningocele. CASE REPORT: Pregnant patient, 19 years old, 23 weeks of gestational age, without previous anesthetic history, physical status ASA I, submitted to intrauterine fetal surgery under general anesthesia associated to continuous epidural continuous anesthesia. The patient was premedicated with rectal indomethacin (50 mg), intravenous metoclopramide (10 mg) and cimetidine (50 mg), in addition to intravenous midazolam (2 mg). The patient received 0.25% bupivacaine with epinephrine (25 mg) associated to fentanyl (100 µg) epidurally, followed by cephalic catheter insertion for postoperative analgesia. The uterus was left-displace with a Crawford's wedge. Rapid sequence anesthesia was induced with fentanyl, propofol and rocuronium, and was maintained with 2.5% - 3% isoflurane in O2 and N2O. After stapling hysterectomy to promote homeostasis, fetal operative site was exposed and fetal analgesia and immobility was obtained with the association of fentanyl (10 µg.kg-1) and pancuronium (0.1 mg.kg-1) administered on fetal gluteus muscle. Maternal systolic blood pressure was maintained above 100 mmHg with bolus ephedrine (5 mg), colloids and crystalloids. Lost amniotic fluid was replaced with warm saline. After correction of the fetal defect, both uterus and amniotic membrane were closed in two planes with vicryl suture and fibrin glue. Afterwards, isoflurane concentration was gradually decreased and bolus magnesium sulfate (4 g/20 minutes) followed by continuous infusion was administered to maintain uterine relaxation (2 g/hour). Morphine (2 mg) was administered via epidural catheter at the end of surgery for postoperative analgesia. CONCLUSIONS: Anesthesia for fetal surgery involves two individuals the mother and the fetus, an anesthetic management requires: maternal-fetal safety, fetal anesthesia and immobility, uterine relaxation, prevention of premature labor and postoperative analgesia.

Keywords

ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, General, SURGERY, Fetal

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