Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942005000200005
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Efeitos cardiovasculares e renais da injeção intra-arterial de contraste radiológico iônico em cães com restrição hídrica

Cardiovascular and renal effects of intra-arterial injection of ionic radiological contrast in dogs under fluid restriction

Marisa Aparecida Lima Verderese; Pedro Thadeu Galvão Vianna; Yara Marcondes Machado Castiglia; Luiz Antonio Vane

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942005000200005 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.55, n2, p.188-196, 2005
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar os efeitos agudos do contraste radiológico em situações de restrição de volume, avaliando-se os efeitos renais e cardiovasculares após a injeção intra-arterial de contraste radiológico de alta osmolaridade. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 16 cães anestesiados com tiopental sódico (15 mg.kg-1) e fentanil (15 µg.kg-1) em bolus, seguido de infusão contínua nas doses de 40 µg.kg-1.min-1 (tiopental sódico) e 0,1 µg.kg-1.min-1 (fentanil). Foi feita hidratação com solução de glicose a 5% (0,03 mL.kg-1.min-1) e a ventilação pulmonar foi controlada mecanicamente com ar comprimido. Foram verificados os seguintes atributos: freqüência cardíaca (FC); pressão arterial média (PAM); pressão da veia cava inferior (PVI); débito cardíaco (DC); hematócrito (Ht); fluxo plasmático efetivo renal (FPER); fluxo sangüíneo renal (FSR); ritmo de filtração glomerular (RFG); fração de filtração; resistência vascular renal (RVR); volume urinário (VU); osmolaridade plasmática e urinária; depuração osmolar, depuração de água livre e depuração de sódio e de potássio; sódio e potássio plasmáticos; excreção urinária e fracionária de sódio e potássio e temperatura retal. Estes atributos foram avaliados em quatro momentos: 30 (M1), 60 (M2), 90 (M3) e 120 (M4) minutos após o início da infusão de para-aminohipurato de sódio e creatinina (início da experiência). No momento 2, no grupo G1 foi feita injeção intra-arterial de solução fisiológica a 0,9% (1,24 mL.kg-1), e no grupo G2 foi injetado contraste radiológico (1,24 mL.kg-1) pela mesma via. RESULTADOS: O grupo G1 apresentou aumento da FC, do FPER, do FSR, da osmolaridade plasmática, da depuração de sódio e da excreção urinária de sódio; apresentou ainda diminuição da osmolaridade urinária, do potássio plasmático, da depuração de potássio e da temperatura retal. No grupo G2 ocorreu aumento da FC, da RVR, do VU, da depuração osmolar, da depuração de sódio e da excreção urinária e fracionária de sódio; ocorreu também redução do (a): hematócrito, ritmo de filtração glomerular, fração de filtração, osmolaridade urinária, depuração de água livre, sódio e potássio urinários, potássio plasmático e temperatura retal. CONCLUSÕES: Neste estudo, conclui-se que a injeção intra-arterial do contraste radiológico causou efeito bifásico na função renal. Inicialmente, provocou aumento da diurese e da excreção de sódio, mas, posteriormente, houve piora das condições hemodinâmicas e, conseqüentemente, da função renal, com aumento da resistência vascular renal e diminuição do ritmo de filtração glomerular.

Palavras-chave

ANIMAIS, MEIOS DE CONTRASTE, RIM, SISTEMA CARDIOVASCULAR

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at evaluating acute radiological contrast effects in fluid restriction situations, observing renal and cardiovascular effects after intra-arterial injection of high osmolarity radiological contrast. METHODS: Participated in this study 16 dogs anesthetized with sodium thiopental (15 mg.kg-1) and fentanyl (0.03 mL.kg-1), followed by continuous infusion of 40 µg.kg-1.min-1 (sodium thiopental) and 0.1 µg.kg-1.min-1 (fentanyl). Hydration was achieved with 5% glucose solution (0.03 mL.kg-1.min-1) and ventilation was mechanically controlled with compressed air. The following attributes were evaluated: heart rate (HR); mean blood pressure (MBP); inferior vena cava pressure (IVP); cardiac output (CO); hematocrit (Ht); effective renal plasma flow (ERPF); renal blood flow (RBF); glomerular filtration rate (GFR); filtration fraction; renal vascular resistance (RVR), urinary volume (UV); plasma and urinary osmolarity; osmolar clearance; free water clearance; sodium and potassium clearance; plasma sodium and potassium; sodium and potassium urinary fractional excretion and rectal temperature. These attributes were evaluated in four moments: 30 (M1), 60 (M2), 90 (M3) and 120 (M4) minutes after sodium para-aminohipurate and creatinine administration (beginning of experiment). In moment 2, G1 received intra-arterial 0.9% saline (1.24 mL.kg-1) and G2 received intra-arterial radiological contrast (1.4 mL.kg-1). RESULTS: Group G1 has presented increased HR, ERPF, RBF, plasma osmolarity, sodium clearance and sodium urinary excretion, in addition to decreased urinary osmolarity, plasma sodium, potassium clearance and rectal temperature. Group G2 has presented increased HR, RVR, UV, osmolar clearance, sodium clearance and sodium urinary and fractional excretion; there has also been decrease in hematocrit, glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction, urinary osmolarity, free water clearance, urinary sodium and potassium, plasma potassium and rectal temperature. CONCLUSIONS: This study has concluded that intra-arterial radiological contrast has promoted a two-phase effect on renal function. Initially it has promoted increased diuresis and sodium excretion but then the hemodynamic conditions impaired, and consequently renal function impaired, with increased renal vascular resistance and decreased glomerular filtration rate.

Keywords

ANIMALS, CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, CONTRAST MEDIA, KIDNEY

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