Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942005000100005
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Comparação das técnicas transarterial e de estimulação de múltiplos nervos para bloqueio do plexo braquial por via axilar usando lidocaína com epinefrina

Comparison of transarterial and multiple nerve stimulation techniques for axillary block using lidocaine with epinephrine

Luiz Eduardo Imbelloni; Lúcia Beato; José Antônio Cordeiro

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942005000100005 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.55, n1, p.40-49, 2005
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A técnica transarterial com grandes doses de anestésico local resulta em alta efetividade para o bloqueio axilar do plexo braquial. A técnica utilizando múltiplos estímulos exige mais tempo e maior experiência. Este estudo prospectivo compara a latência e o índice de sucesso do bloqueio do plexo braquial usando duas técnicas de localização: transarterial ou múltipla estimulação dos nervos. MÉTODO: A lidocaína com epinefrina, 800 mg, foi usada inicialmente para o bloqueio axilar. No grupo transarterial, 30 mL de lidocaína a 1,6% com epinefrina foram injetados profundamente e 20 mL superficialmente à artéria axilar. No grupo de múltipla estimulação, três nervos foram localizados eletricamente e bloqueados com volumes 20 mL, 20 mL e 10 mL da solução. O bloqueio foi considerado efetivo quando a analgesia estava presente em todos os nervos na área distal ao cotovelo. RESULTADOS: O tempo de latência (8,8 ± 2,3 min versus 10,2 ± 2,4 min; p-valor = 0,010) foi significativamente menor no grupo transarterial. Bloqueios sensitivos completos nos quatro nervos (mediano, ulnar, radial e musculocutâneo) foram obtidos em 92,5% versus 83,3% no grupo de múltipla estimulação e acesso transarterial, respectivamente sem diferença significativa (p-valor = 0,68). O nervo musculocutâneo foi significativamente mais fácil de bloquear com o estimulador de nervo periférico (p = 0,034). CONCLUSÕES: A técnica de múltipla estimulação para o bloqueio axilar usando estimulador de nervos (3 injeções) e a técnica transarterial (2 injeções) produzem resultados semelhantes na qualidade do bloqueio. O nervo musculocutâneo é mais facilmente bloqueado com o uso do estimulador de nervo periférico. A técnica de múltipla estimulação necessitou menor suplementação do bloqueio e aumentou o tempo para o início da cirurgia.

Palavras-chave

ANESTÉSICOS, Local, ANESTÉSICOS, Local, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, Regional, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, Regional

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: High-dose transarterial technique results in highly effective axillary block. The multiple nerve stimulation technique (MNS) requires more time and experience. This prospective study aimed at comparing onset and success rate of multiple-injection axillary brachial plexus block using two methods of nerve location: transarterial or multiple nerve stimulation technique. METHODS: Axillary block was initially induced with 800 mg lidocaine with epinephrine. The transarterial group received deeply injected 30 mL of 1.6% lidocaine with epinephrine, and 20 mL superficially to the axillary artery. For the multiple nerve stimulation group, three terminal motor nerves were electrolocated and blocked with 20 mL, 20 mL and 10 mL. Blockade was considered effective when analgesia was present in all sensory nerves distal to the elbow. RESULTS: Onset (8.8 ± 2.3 min versus 10.2 ± 2.4 min; p-value = 0.010) was significantly shorter in the transarterial group. Complete sensory block of all four nerves (median, ulnar, radial and musculocutaneus) was achieved in 92.5% versus 83.3% for multiple nerve stimulation group and transarterial group, respectively, without significant difference (p = 0.68). Musculocutaneous nerve was significantly easier to be blocked with the aid of peripheral nerve stimulator (p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Both MNS technique for axillary block with nerve stimulator (3 injections) and transarterial technique (2 injections) promote similar results. Musculocutaneous nerve is more easily blocked with the aid of peripheral nerve stimulator. MNS technique has required less supplementary blocks and has delayed beginning of surgery.

Keywords

ANESTHETIC, Local, ANESTHETIC, Local, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, Regional, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, Regional

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