Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942005000100004
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Analgesia preemptiva com S(+)cetamina e bupivacaína peridural em histerectomia abdominal

Preemptive analgesia with epidural bupivacaine and S(+)ketamine in abdominal hysterectomy

Ferdinand Edson de Castro; João Batista Santos Garcia

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942005000100004 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.55, n1, p.28-39, 2005
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo investiga a capacidade de o antagonista do receptor NMDA, S(+)cetamina, associado à injeção peridural de anestésico local (bupivacaína), previamente administrado à incisão promover analgesia preemptiva em pacientes submetidas a histerectomia total abdominal. MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas 30 pacientes, distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de igual tamanho e estudadas prospectivamente de forma encoberta. Injeção peridural e inserção de cateter foram realizadas entre os interespaços de L1-L2. No grupo I (G1, n = 15), as pacientes receberam, por via peridural, 17 mL de bupivacaína a 0,25%, sem vasoconstritor, associados a 30 mg de S(+)cetamina (3 mL), trinta minutos antes da incisão cirúrgica; após 30 minutos da incisão, receberam 20 mL de solução fisiológica a 0,9%. No grupo 2 (G2, n = 15), receberam 20 mL de solução fisiológica, por via peridural, 30 minutos antes da incisão, sendo feita administração de 17 mL de bupivacaína a 0,25% associados a 30 mg de S(+)cetamina (3 mL), trinta minutos depois da incisão. Após a injeção peridural, realizou-se anestesia geral com propofol, pancurônio, O2 e isoflurano. Para analgesia pós-operatória foi usada solução peridural em bolus de fentanil associada à bupivacaína, em intervalo mínimo de quatro horas e suplementação com dipirona, se necessária. Avaliou-se a intensidade da dor através de escala numérica e verbal (ao despertar, 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas após o término da operação), o tempo necessário para solicitar pela primeira vez o analgésico e o consumo total de analgésicos. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação ao tempo para solicitar analgésicos pela primeira vez, ao consumo de analgésicos e aos escores de dor pelas escalas numérica e verbal. CONCLUSÕES: Não foi possível demonstrar efeito preemptivo com a utilização peridural de S(+)cetamina e bupivacaína nas doses utilizadas em histerectomia abdominal.

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, ANALGESIA, ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the ability of epidural S(+)ketamine, NMDA receptor antagonist, plus local anesthetic (bupivacaine) injection to promote preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy, when this solution is administered before surgical incision. METHODS: Participated in this prospective double-blind study 30 patients were randomly assigned in two equal groups. Epidural injection and catheter insertion were performed at L1-L2 interspace. Group 1 (G1) patients received 17 mL bupivacaine 0.25% plus 3 mL S(+)ketamine (30 mg), 30 min before surgical incision, followed by 20 mL saline 30 min after incision. Group 2 (G2) patients received 20 mL saline 30 min before surgical incision, followed by 17 mL bupivacaine 0.25% plus 3 mL S(+)ketamine (30 mg) 30 min after incision. General anesthesia was induced with propofol, pancuronium, O2 and isoflurane. Postoperative analgesia consisted of epidural fentanyl plus bupivacaine bolus with 4h minimal interval. If necessary, IV dipyrone supplementation was administered. Patients were evaluated for analgesia by a verbal and numeric scale (at recovery and every six hours until 24 postoperative hours). Time to first analgesic request and total analgesic requirements were recorded. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups in time to first analgesic request, total analgesic consumption and numeric or verbal scale pain scores. CONCLUSIONS: This study failed to demonstrate a preemptive effect of epidural administration of bupivacaine and S(+)ketamine in the doses tested for abdominal hysterectomy.

Keywords

ANALGESIA, ANALGESIA, ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETICS

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