Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000600002
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Incidência de parada cardíaca durante anestesia, em hospital universitário de atendimento terciário: estudo prospectivo entre 1996 e 2002

Cardiac arrest during anesthesia at a tertiary teaching hospital: prospective survey from 1996 to 2002

Leandro Gobbo Braz; José Reinaldo Cerqueira Braz; Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo; Paulo do Nascimento Júnior; Ana Paula Shuhama; Laís Helena Camacho Navarro

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942004000600002 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.54, n6, p.755-768, 2004
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A incidência e causas de parada cardíaca (PC) durante a anestesia variam e são difíceis de comparar diante dos diversos métodos usados nos estudos. A pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar todas as PC ocorridas no intra e pós-operatório, durante um período de sete anos, de 1996 a 2002, em hospital de ensino de atendimento terciário para determinar incidência e causas da PC. MÉTODO: A incidência prospectiva de PC ocorrida durante a anestesia em 40.941 pacientes consecutivos foi identificada, utilizando-se um Banco de Dados. Todos os casos de PC e óbito foram revisados por uma Comissão, para determinar o fator desencadeante da PC ou óbito. A incidência de PC foi calculada em relação à idade, sexo, estado físico, segundo a classificação da ASA, tipo de atendimento, fatores desencadeantes, como alteração do estado físico do paciente e complicações cirúrgicas e anestésicas, tipo de anestesia e evolução para óbito. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 138 PC (33,7:10.000), sendo a maioria em recém-nascidos, crianças até um ano e idosos, no sexo masculino (65,2%), em pacientes com estado físico ASA III ou superior, em atendimento de emergência e durante anestesia geral. Alterações do estado físico foram o principal fator de PC (23,9:10.000), seguidas de complicações cirúrgicas isoladamente (4,64:10.000) ou associadas a alterações do estado físico (2,44:10.000) e da anestesia isoladamente (1,71:10.000) ou associadas a alterações do estado físico (0,98:10.000). O risco de óbito relacionado à anestesia como fator principal ou contributivo foi igual para ambos (0,49:10.000). As principais causas da mortalidade associada à anestesia foram os problemas ventilatórios (45,4%), eventos relacionados à medicação empregada (27,3%), aspiração pulmonar (18,2%) e hidratação excessiva (9,1%). CONCLUSÕES: A incidência de PC durante a anestesia ainda continua elevada. A maioria das PC e óbitos associados à anestesia foi relacionada ao manuseio das vias aéreas e à administração de medicamentos e anestésicos.

Palavras-chave

COMPLICAÇÕES, COMPLICAÇÕES, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiac arrest (CA) incidence and causes during anesthesia are variable and difficult to be compared due design variations of major studies. This survey aimed at evaluating all intra and postoperative CA from 1996 to 2002 at a tertiary teaching hospital to determine CA incidence and causes. METHODS: The prospective incidence of CA during 40,941 anesthesias was identified from a database. All CA and deaths were reviewed by a Committee in order to determine triggering factors. CA cases were studied as to age, gender, ASA physical status, type of treatment, triggering factors, such as changes in patients physical status and surgical and anesthetic complications, type of anesthesia and evolution to death. RESULTS: There were 138 CA (33.7:10,000), being most of them neonates, children aged less than 1 year, elderly people, males (65.2%), physical status ASA III or poorer, in emergency surgeries and during general anesthesia. Physical status changes were the major CA factor (23.9:10,000) followed by surgical complications alone (4.64:10,000) or associated to physical status changes (2.44:10,000) and anesthetic complications alone (1.71:10,000) or associated to physical status changes (0.98:10,000). The risk of anesthesia-related death as major or contributing factor was similar for both (0.49:10,000). Major anesthesia-related death causes were ventilatory problems (45.4%), drug-related events (27.3%), pulmonary aspiration (18.2%) and fluid overload (9.1%). CONCLUSIONS: CA incidence during anesthesia is still high. Most anesthesia-related cardiac arrests and deaths were related to airway management and drug and anesthetic administration.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES

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