Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000500016
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Cetamina e analgesia preemptiva

Ketamine and preemptive analgesia

Caio Márcio Barros de Oliveira; Rioko Kimiko Sakata; Adriana Machado Issy; João Batista Santos Garcia

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Desde a descoberta de que a cetamina bloqueia os receptores NMDA nos neurônios do corno dorsal da medula, ela tem sido usada para inibir ou reduzir a sensibilização central provocada por estímulos nociceptivos. Assim, este trabalho visa mostrar aspectos farmacológicos da cetamina racêmica e de seu composto levogiro e seu emprego na analgesia preemptiva. CONTEÚDO: São apresentados conceitos atuais sobre analgesia preemptiva, aspectos farmacológicos da cetamina e seu derivado levogiro, bem como estudos experimentais e clínicos sobre a cetamina e seu uso em analgesia preemptiva. CONCLUSÕES: Ainda não está totalmente comprovada a eficácia da cetamina em inibir ou reduzir a sensibilização central provocada por estímulos nociceptivos. Provavelmente isso se deva ao uso de diferentes métodos de estudo e de análise estatística.

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, ANESTÉSICOS, ANESTÉSICOS

Abstract

BACKAGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since the finding that ketamine blocks NMDA receptors in the neurons of spinal dorsal horn, it has been used to inhibit or decrease central sensitization triggered by nociceptive stimulations. This study aimed at presenting pharmacological aspects of racemic ketamine and its levogyrous compound, as well as its usefulness for preemptive analgesia. CONTENTS: Current preemptive analgesia concepts, pharmacological aspects of ketamine and its levogyrous compound, as well as experimental and clinical trials on ketamine and its use in preemptive analgesia are presented. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of ketamine in inhibiting or decreasing central sensitization triggered by nociceptive stimulations is not totally confirmed, probably due to different study and statistical analysis methods.

Keywords

ANALGESIA, ANESTHETICS, ANESTHETICS

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