Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000500014
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Miscellaneous

Peculiaridades no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca no paciente idoso

Peculiarities of post-cardiac surgery care in elderly patients

Paulo de Oliveira Vasconcelos Filho; Maria José Carvalho Carmona; José Otávio Costa Auler Júnior

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942004000500014 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.54, n5, p.707-727, 2004
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O paciente idoso tem características fisiológicas próprias e, muitas vezes, pode apresentar deficiências orgânicas ou afecções graves, que por si, já tornam o pós-operatório complicado. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma revisão das condutas pós-operatórias de cirurgia cardíaca no idoso, apresentando as alterações mais freqüentes nesse tipo de paciente. CONTEÚDO: As condutas no período intra-operatório do paciente idoso devem ser tomadas tendo em vista a diminuição da morbidade pós-operatória. Na chegada do paciente idoso à UTI, devem ser cumpridos os mesmos critérios utilizados na internação de outros pacientes adultos de cirurgia cardíaca, para o serviço ter sempre um padrão, que não leve a uma alteração na rotina e que não provoque equívocos. Estabelecer um plano de cuidados intensivos para o pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca irá resultar em uma ótima utilização de recursos da unidade, em efetividade de atenção e em diminuição do tempo nos cuidados em relação ao paciente idoso. Os exames auxiliares solicitados também devem seguir um padrão, estabelecido pelo serviço, a não ser que alterações sejam identificadas. Complicações neurológicas, pulmonares, circulatórias, insuficiência renal, infecção e hipotireoidismo são freqüentes, com particularidades no idoso. Elas estão delineadas neste artigo e devem ser bem compreendidas pelo intensivista que cuida desse tipo de paciente. CONCLUSÕES: As complicações apresentadas neste artigo são as que trazem maior preocupação ao intensivista, quando há um paciente idoso em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca na UTI. Este paciente necessita de cuidados especiais, mesmo quando a cirurgia transcorre em perfeita normalidade, pois o estresse cirúrgico é muito grande e o idoso tem reserva funcional diminuída.

Palavras-chave

AVALIAÇÃO PÓS-OPERATÓRIA, CIRURGIA, Cardíaca, COMPLICAÇÕES

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Elderly patients have their own physiologic characteristics, and sometimes may have organic deficits or severe diseases, which by themselves may complicate the postoperative period. This article is aimed at reviewing post-cardiac surgery procedures in the elderly, describing their most frequent problems. CONTENTS: Elderly patients intraoperative approaches should be decided taking into account lower postoperative morbidity. At ICU arrival, the same criteria for other adult patients of cardiac surgeries should be adopted to maintain service standardization and routine, thus preventing mistakes. Establishing an intensive care plan for the post-cardiac surgery period may result in optimal use of resources, effective attention and decreased time of care. Subsidiary exams should also follow the standards of the service, unless any problem be identified. Neurological, pulmonary and circulatory complications, renal failure, infections and hypothyroidism outlined in this article are frequent and unique in the elderly, and should be fully understood by the ICU physician. CONCLUSIONS: Complications outlined in this article are those of greatest concern for the ICU physician when there are elderly patients in the post-cardiac surgery period. These patients need special care, even when surgery is perfectly normal, because there is major surgical stress and the elderly have decreased functional reserves.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS, POSTOPERATIVE EVALUATION, SURGERY, Cardiac

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