Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000500011
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Clinical Information

Efeito da anestesia geral na cognição e na memória do idoso

Effects of general anesthesia in elderly patients’ memory and cognition

Régis Borges Aquino; Antonio Carlos Araújo de Souza; Irani de Lima Argimon; Patrícia F. Ritter dos Santos

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942004000500011 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.54, n5, p.687-692, 2004
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A anestesia geral e a função mental têm sido alvo de estudos e considerações, especialmente pelo sentimento de que ela, particularmente em idosos, poderia induzir alterações na cognição e na memória. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da anestesia geral na cognição e na memória do idoso correlacionando-a ao sexo, à idade e ao tempo de anestesia. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte controlado realizado em pacientes categorizados em dois grupos de observação: a- anestésico; b- clínicos (controle). As variáveis de desfecho consideradas foram os escores dos testes MiniMental, de Fluência Verbal e de Lembrança Numérica. Anestesia geral com halotano, isoflurano, sevoflurano, tiopental, propofol, etomidato, fentanil alfentanil, succinilcolina atracúrio, pancurônio. Intra-operatório com PaCO2 entre 30 e 45 mmHg e saturação de hemoglobina acima de 90% e tolerância de PA com diminuição até 20% do valor basal. Foram excluídos os pacientes que apresentaram algum evento adverso no intra e pós-operatório. Dados categóricos analisados pelo teste do Qui-quadrado. A comparação inicial entre os grupos no momento basal (pré-anestésico) foi realizada pelo t de Student para amostras independentes. Para avaliação do efeito do processo anestésico ao longo do tempo, foi utilizada a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas. RESULTADOS: No teste do MiniMental os grupos apresentaram comportamento semelhante sendo notado aumento de escores ao longo do tempo. No teste de Fluência Verbal, em ambos os grupos os escores mantiveram-se praticamente inalterados. No teste de Lembrança Numérica o comportamento dos grupos foi muito semelhante ao longo do seguimento sendo que os escores aumentaram em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Não foi detectado declínio de cognição ou de memória no pós-operatório de idosos de 60 a 80 anos de ambos os sexos, submetidos à anestesia geral com duração de 3 a 7 horas.

Palavras-chave

ANESTESIA, ANESTESIA, SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRAL, SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRAL

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: General anesthesia and mental function have been subject to studies and considerations, especially for the feeling that, especially in the elderly, it could induce changes in cognition and memory. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of general anesthesia in cognition and memory of elderly patients, correlating them to gender, age and anesthesia duration. METHODS: This is a cohort, controlled study with patients divided in two observation groups: a - anesthetic; b - clinical (control). Outcome variables studied were Mini-mental test, Verbal Fluency test and Numeric Remembrance test scores; general anesthesia with halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, thiopental, propofol, etomidate, fentanyl, alfentanil, succinylcholine, atracurium and pancuronium; intraoperative period with PaCO2 30 to 45 mmHg, hemoglobin saturation above 90% and blood pressure tolerance with up to 20% decrease as compared to baseline. Patients presenting any intra and postoperative adverse event were excluded from the study. Chi-square test was used for categorical data. Student’s t test for independent samples was used for initial comparison between groups at baseline moment (preanesthetic). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was used to evaluate anesthetic process effects along time. RESULTS: Groups were similar in the Mini-Mental test with increased scores along time. Both groups had virtually unchanged Verbal Fluency test scores. Both groups were very similar in Numeric Remembrance test with increased scores in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: No postoperative cognition or memory decline has been observed in patients of both genders, aged 60 to 80 years, submitted to general anesthesia lasting 3 to 7 hours.

Keywords

ANESTHESIA, ANESTHESIA, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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