Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000500003
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Estudo comparativo entre fentanil por vias peridural e venosa para analgesia de operações ortopédicas

Comparative study of epidural and intravenous fentanyl for postoperative analgesia of orthopedic surgeries

Marcelo Soares Privado; Rioko Kimiko Sakata; Adriana Machado Issy; João Batista Santos Garcia

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942004000500003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.54, n5, p.634-639, 2004
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Existem controvérsias sobre o local de ação de opióides lipofílicos após injeção peridural, e alguns autores acreditam que esses fármacos agem no nível supra-espinhal, enquanto outros acham que ocorre ação espinhal. Para tentar esclarecer essa dúvida foi feito estudo comparativo da aplicação de fentanil por vias peridural e venosa após operações ortopédicas de membro inferior. MÉTODO: O estudo foi aleatório e duplamente encoberto. Quando apresentavam dor pós-operatória, os pacientes do G1 (n = 14) receberam 5 ml de solução (100 µg de fentanil em solução fisiológica a 0,9%) por via peridural e 2 ml de solução fisiológica a 0,9% por via venosa, os do G2 (n = 15) receberam 5 ml de solução fisiológica a 0,9%, por via peridural e 2 ml de fentanil (100 µg) por via venosa. Foi avaliada a necessidade de complementação analgésica com tenoxicam (40 mg) por via venosa e com bupivacaína a 0,25% (5 ml) por via peridural (quando não havia alívio com tenoxicam). A intensidade da dor foi avaliada pelas escalas numérica e verbal nos momentos M30, M120 e M240 minutos. RESULTADOS: O número de pacientes que necessitaram de complementação analgésica, tanto com o tenoxicam (G1 = 10 e G2 = 15 pacientes) quanto com a bupivacaína (G1 = 2 e G2 = 8 pacientes) foi maior no G2. Não houve diferença estatística na intensidade da dor entre os grupos nos tempos avaliados. CONCLUSÕES: Nas condições deste estudo o efeito analgésico do fentanil peridural é melhor que por via venosa.

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, ANALGÉSICOS, ANALGÉSICOS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are controversies about the action site of lipophylic opioids after epidural injection. Some authors believe that these drugs act at supraspinal level, while others propose a spinal action. This comparative study aimed at answering this question by comparing epidural and intravenous fentanyl for postoperative analgesia of lower limb orthopedic procedures. METHODS: This was a randomized double-blind study. At postoperative pain complaint, G1 patients (n = 14) received 5 mL epidural solution (100 µg fentanyl in 0.9% saline) and 2 mL of intravenous 0.9% saline; G2 patients (n = 15) received 5 mL epidural 0.9% saline and 2 mL intravenous fentanyl (100 µg). Analgesic complementation with intravenous tenoxicam (40 mg) and epidural 0.25% bupivacaine (5 mL) (when there was no relief with tenoxicam) has been evaluated. Pain intensity was evaluated by numeric and verbal scales in moments M30, M120 and M240 minutes. RESULTS: Number of patients needing analgesic complementation both with tenoxicam (G1 = 10 and G2 = 15 patients) and bupivacaine (G1 = 2 and G2 = 8 patients) has been higher in G2. There have been no statistical differences in pain intensity between groups in all studied moments. CONCLUSIONS: In the conditions of our study, effects of epidural fentanyl were better as compared to intravenous fentanyl.

Keywords

ANALGESIA, ANALGESICS, ANALGESICS, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES

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