Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000400016
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Lesão neurológica em cirurgia cardíaca: aspectos fisiopatológicos

Pathophysiology of neurological injuries during heart surgery: aspectos fisiopatológicos

Rólison Gustavo Bravo Lelis; José Otávio Costa Auler Júnior

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Em virtude de as lesões neurológicas ocuparem um papel importante no contexto das complicações pós-operatórias, quando comparadas às demais, o presente estudo procurou discutir os principais fatores envolvidos na lesão neurológica peri-operatória em cirurgia cardíaca, as intervenções que buscam diminuir a incidência de lesões neurológicas, enfocando de maneira simples, e a provável gênese genética em tais lesões encefálicas. CONTEÚDO: Este trabalho contém a revisão de artigos que enfocam a fisiopatologia das lesões neurológicas relacionadas a procedimentos cardíacos, sua possível origem genética, bem como uma proposta para sua prevenção. CONCLUSÕES: Muito tem se falado das disfunções cognitivas de pacientes após cirurgia cardíaca, como a revascularização do miocárdio que é motivo do aumento da morbimortalidade observada atualmente e fator de maior tempo de hospitalização. É fato que já houve grandes avanços nessa área a fim de diminuir esses índices, prevendo-se ainda outros que visam a profilaxia de lesões neurológicas.

Palavras-chave

CIRURGIA, CIRURGIA, COMPLICAÇÕES, COMPLICAÇÕES

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since neurological injuries are very concerning and important postoperative complications following cardiac surgeries, the purpose of this study was to discuss the pathophysiology of these injuries, what measures can be taken to decrease their incidence and the possible genetic origin of such brain injuries. CONTENTS: This study is a review of papers which address the pathophysiology of heart surgery-related neurological injuries and their possible genetic origin, as well as some proposals for their prevention. CONCLUSIONS: A lot has been said about cognitive function disorders after heart surgeries, such as myocardial revascularization, which are present causes of increased morbidity and mortality, in addition to longer hospital stay. Major advances to decrease such rates have been observed in this field, and others are still expected aiming at neurological injuries prevention.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS, SURGERY, SURGERY

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