Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://bjan-sba.org/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000400015
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Indução anestésica com a técnica de seqüência rápida

Rapid sequence induction of anesthesia

Eduardo Toshiyuki Moro; Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A indução da anestesia por meio da técnica de seqüência rápida é utilizada, principalmente, para proteger as vias aéreas, quando há risco de aspiração do conteúdo gástrico. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar a técnica e os diferentes protocolos que buscam o uso racional dos fármacos disponíveis, visando condições ideais de intubação traqueal, sem aumentar o risco de aspiração do conteúdo gástrico ou de outras complicações. CONTEÚDO: Apresenta uma revisão da técnica da indução com seqüência rápida, enfatizando o uso racional dos hipnóticos, opióides e bloqueadores neuromusculares (BNM), para reduzir o período entre a perda da consciência e o correto posicionamento do tubo traqueal, ou seja, diminuir o período de maior risco para aspiração e ainda manter excelentes condições de intubação traqueal. CONCLUSÕES: A intubação traqueal após indução anestésica por meio da técnica de seqüência rápida está indicada naqueles pacientes, com risco de aspiração gástrica, em que não há suspeita de intubação traqueal difícil. A indicação correta da técnica, sua aplicação criteriosa e a utilização racional das drogas disponíveis podem promover condições excelentes de intubação, com curto período de latência, rápido retorno da consciência e da respiração espontânea, caso haja falha na intubação traqueal.

Palavras-chave

ANALGÉSICOS, BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rapid sequence induction anesthesia is primarily used to protect airways when there is gastric content aspiration risk. This study aimed at reviewing the technique and different protocols looking for the rational use of available drugs, in the search for ideal tracheal intubation conditions without increasing the risk of gastric content aspiration or other complications. CONTENTS: A technical review of rapid sequence induction of anesthesia is presented, emphasizing the rational use of hypnotics, opioids and neuromuscular blockers (NMB) to shorten the period between loss of consciousness and correct tracheal tube positioning, that is, shorten the period of highest risk for aspiration while maintaining excellent intubation conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Tracheal intubation after rapid sequence induction of anesthesia is indicated for patients at risk for gastric content aspiration without suspicion of difficult intubation. The adequate indication of the technique, its judicious application and the rational use of available drugs may promote excellent intubation conditions, with fast onset, early return to consciousness and spontaneous breathing in case of tracheal intubation failure.

Keywords

ANALGESICS, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS

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